MyH

u q u rr aJr

bHoe o6qeo6 pa3oBareJr bHoe yqpexcAeH

H

e

cpeAHflfl o6rqeo6pa3oBareJrbHaq rrrKoJra Nb7 r. Kauenrcu

Ilpunxro [eAarorr4qecKuM coBeroM
MOY COIII J\rs7 r. Karueuru
flpororor JYs 1 or 29.08. 2025r.

'ererun IO.B./
'4

or 29.08.2025 r.

A4anrrpoBaHHafl
ocHoBHafl o6pasoBaTeJrbHaf rporpaMMa
ocHoBHofo oouero oopa3oBaHrrfl
AJrfl Ooyqarcuuxcfl c paccTpotrcTBaMrr
ayTI,ICTI,IqeCKO[O C[eKTpa
(napuaHr 8.3)
.-v

2025

KH>?J@:GB?

1.H[sb_ iheh‘_gby

....................................................................................................................

2.P_e_\hc jZa^_e .........................................................................................................................
Ihykgbl_evgZy aZibkdZ..............................................................................................................
IeZgbjm_fu_j_amevlZluhk\h_gbyh[mqZxsbfbkykJ:K,bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv, HHI ........................................................................................................................
Kbkl_fZ hp_gdb ^hklb‘_gby h[mqZxsbfbky k J:K, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv,
ieZgbjm_fuoj_amevlZlh\hk\h_gbyZ^Zilbjh\Zgghchkgh\ghch[jZah\Zl_evghcijh]jZffu
3.Kh^_j‘Zl_evguc
jZa^_e .......................................................................................................
Ijh]jZffZnhjfbjh\Zgby[Zah\uo
mq_[guo ^_ckl\bc ............................................................
Ijh]jZffu
mq_[guo
ij_^f_lh\,
dmjkZ
dhjj_dpb hggh-jZa\b\Zxs_c
h[eZklb
.......................................................
Ijh]jZffZ ^moh\gh-gjZ\kl\_ggh]h jZa\blby… .......................................................................
Ijh]jZffZnhjfbjh\Zgbywdheh]bq_kdhcdmevlmju,a^hjh\h]hb[_ahiZkgh]hh[jZaZ‘bagb
Ijh]jZffZ dhjj_dpbhgghc jZ[hlu ...........................................................................................
Ijh]jZffZ \g_mjhqghc ^_yl_evghklb .......................................................................................
4.Hj]ZgbaZpbhgguc jZa^_e .....................................................................................................
Mq_[guc ieZg .............................................................................................................................
DZe_g^Zjgucmq_[guc]jZnbd…………………………………………………………………..
Mkeh\byj_ZebaZpbb,Z^Zilbjh\Zgghchkgh\ghch[s_h[jZah\Zl_evghcijh]jZffu
h[jZah\Zgbyh[mqZxsbokykJ:K,bf_xsbo
mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv ......................................

1.

H;SB?

IHEH@?GBY

:^Zilbjh\ZggZy hkgh\gZy h[jZah\Zl_evgZy ijh]jZffZ (:HHI) hkgh\gh]h h[s_]h
h[jZah\Zgby h[mqZxsboky k jZkkljhckl\Zfb Zmlbklbq_kdh]h ki_dljZ (J:K)
, bf_xsbo
mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv , wlh h[jZah\Zl_evgZy ijh]jZffZ, Z^Zilbjh\ZggZy ^ey h[mq_gby
wlhc dZl_]hjbb h[mqZxsboky k mq_lhf hkh[_gghkl_c bo ikbohnbabq_kdh]h jZa\blby,
bg^b\b^mZevguo \hafh‘ghkl_c, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy dhjj_dpbx gZjmr_gbc jZa\blby b
khpbZevgmx Z^ZilZpbx.
:HHI hkgh\gh]h h[s_]h h[jZah\Zgby h[mqZxsboky k J:K
, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv , cHM KHo
7 ]. DZf_gdb
(^Ze__ – Hj]ZgbaZpby) jZajZ[hlZgZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k
lj_[h\Zgbyfb n_^_jZevgh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h h[jZah\Zl_evgh]h klZg^ZjlZ hkgh\gh]h
h[s_]h h[jZah\Zgby ^ey h[mqZxsboky k jZkkljhckl\Zfb Zmlbklbq_kdh]h ki_dljZ (^Ze__
KlZg^Zjl), ij_^ty\ey_fufb d kljmdlmj_, mkeh\byf j_ZebaZpbb b ieZgbjm_fuf j_amevlZlZf
hk\h_gby gZ hkgh\_ ijbf_jghc Z^Zilbjh\Zgghc hkgh\ghc h[jZah\Zl_evghc ijh]jZffu
(Ij:HHI)
- \ZjbZgl .38 ?E

Ihykgbl_evgZy aZibkdZ
P_eyfb j_ZebaZpbb, Z^Zilbjh\Zgghc hkgh\ghc h[jZah\Zl_evghc ijh]jZffu
hkgh\gh]h
h[s_]h h[jZah\Zgby h[mqZxsboky k jZkkljhckl\Zfb Zmlbklbq_kdh]h ki_dljZ (J:K) , bf_xsbo
mfkl\_ggmxhlklZehklv, y\eyxlky:
nhjfbjh\Zgb_ ‘bag_gguo dhfi_l_gpbc, h\eZ^_gb_ bfb mq_[ghc ^_yl_evghklvx, Z lZd‘_
nhjfbjh\Zgb_ h[s_c dmevlmju, h[_ki_qb\Zxs_c jZaghklhjhgg__ jZa\blb_ bo ebqghklb
(gjZ\kl\_ggh -wkl_lbq_kdh_, khpbZevgh -ebqghklgh_, bgl_ee_dlmZevgh_, nbabq_kdh_), \
khhl\_lkl\bb kijbgylufb \ k_fv_b h[s_kl\_^moh\gh
-gjZ\kl\_ggufb b khpbhdmevlmjgufb
p_gghklyfb.
[hklb‘_gb_ ihklZ\e_gguo p_e_c ijb jZajZ[hld_ b j_ZebaZpbb h[jZah\Zl_evghc
hj]ZgbaZpb_c,Z^Zilbjh\Zgghchkgh\ghch[jZah\Zl_evghcijh]jZffuhkgh\gh]h
h[s_]h

h[jZah\Zgby h[mqZxsboky k J:K
, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv,
ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l
j_r_gb_ke_^mxsbohkgh\guo
aZ^Zq:
- h[_ki_q_gb_ khhl\_lkl\by Z^Zilbjh\Zgghc hkgh\ghc h[jZah\Zl_evghc ijh]jZffu
lj_[h\Zgbyf N_^_jZevgh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h h[jZah\Zl_evgh]h klZg^ZjlZ hk
gh\gh]h h[s_]h
h[jZah\Zgby ;
- h[_ki_q_gb_ ij__fkl\_gghklb gZqZevgh]h h[s_]h,
hkgh\gh]h h[s_]h, kj_^g_]h
h[s_]hh[jZah\Zgby;
- h[_ki_q_gb_ ^hklmighklb ihemq_gby dZq_kl\_ggh]h hkgh\gh]h h[s_]h h[jZah\Zgby,
^hklb‘_gb_ ieZgbjm_fuo j_amevlZlh\ hk\h_gby Z^Zilbjh\Zgghc hkgh\ghc h[jZah\Zl_evghc
ijh]jZffu hkgh\gh]h h[s_]h h[jZah\Zgby h[mqZxsbfbky k J:K
, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv ;
- mklZgh\e_gb_ lj_[h\Zgbc d\hkiblZgbx h[mqZxsboky k J:K
, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv, dZd qZklb h[jZah\Zl_evghc ijh]jZffu b khhl\_lkl\mxs_fm mkbe_gbx
\hkiblZl_evgh]h b khpbZebabjmxs_]h ihl_gpbZeZ rdheu, bgdexab\gh]h ih^oh^Z \
h[jZah\Zgbb,
h[_ki_q_gbx
bg^b\b^mZebabjh\Zggh]h
ikboheh]h
-i_^Z]h]bq_kdh]h
khijh\h‘^_gby dZ‘^h]h h[mqZxs_]hky k J:K
, bf_xs_]h mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv
,
nhjfbjh\Zgbx h[jZah\Zl_evgh]h [ZabkZ, hkgh\Zggh]h g_ lhevdh gZ agZgbyo, gh b gZ
khhl\_lkl\mxs_f dmevlmjghf b khpbZevghf mjh\g_ jZa\blby ebqghklb j_[_gdZ k J:K
,
bf_xs_]h mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv , kha^Zgbx g_h[oh^bfuo mkeh\bc ^ey __ kZfhj_ZebaZpbb;
- h[_ki_q_gb_ wnn_dlb\gh]h khq_lZgby mjhqguo b \g_mjhqguo nhjf hj]ZgbaZpbb
mq_[guoaZgylbc,\aZbfh^_ckl\by\k_omqZklgbdh\h[jZah\Zl_evguo
hlghr_gbc;
- \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ h[jZah\Zl_evghc hj]ZgbaZpbb ijb j_ZebaZpbb hkgh\ghc
h[jZah\Zl_evghc ijh]jZffu kkhpbZevgufb iZjlg_jZfb,\ lhf qbke_, kp_gljZfb ikboheh]h
i_^Z]h]bq_kdhc b khpbZevghc ihfhsb, khpbZevgh
-hjb_glbjh\Zggufb h[s_kl\_ggufb
hj]ZgbaZpbyfb, \ lhf qbke_, h[s_kl\_ggufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb jh^bl_e_c ^_l_c k
bg\Zeb^ghklvx;
- \uy\e_gb_ b jZa\blb_ kihkh[ghkl_c, h[mqZxsboky k J:K
, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv , bo bgl_j_kh\ q_j_a \dexq_gb_ bo \ ^_yl_evghklv dem[h\, k_dpbc,
klm^bc b
djm‘dh\, \dexq_gb_ \ h[s_kl\_ggh ihe_agmx ^_yl_evghklv, \ lhf qbke_ k bkihevah\Zgb_f
\hafh‘ghkl_ch[jZah\Zl_evguohj]ZgbaZpbc^hihegbl_evgh]h
h[jZah\Zgby;
- khojZg_gb_ b mdj_ie_gb_ nbabq_kdh]h, ikboheh]bq_kdh]h b khpbZevgh]h a^hjh\vy
h[mqZxsbokykJ:K,
bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmxhlklZehklv,
h[_ki_q_gb_bo [_ahiZkghklb.
H[sZyoZjZdl_jbklbdZ:HHIHHH,h[mqZxsbokykjZkkljhckl\Zfb
Zmlbklbq_kdh]hki_dljZ ,bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv
hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- agZlvagZqbfu_qZklbkeh\Zbbokms_kl\_ggu_
ijbagZdb;
- mf_lv jZa[bjZlv keh\Z ih khklZ\m k bkihevah\Zgb_f hihjguo ko_f; h[jZah\u\Zlv keh\Z k
gh\ufagZq_gb_fkbkihevah\Zgb_fijbklZ\hdb
kmnnbdkh\;
- ^bnn_j_gpbjh\Zlv keh\Z, hlghkysb_ky d jZaebqguf qZklyf j_qb ih kms_kl\_gguf
ijbagZdZf;
- hij_^_eylv g_dhlhju_ ]jZffZlbq_kdb_ ijbagZdb m bamq_gguo qZkl_c j_qb ih hihjghc
ko_f_beb\hijhkZf
mqbl_ey;
- khklZ\eylv ijhklu_ jZkijhkljZg_ggu_ b keh‘gu_ ij_^eh‘_gby ih ko_f_, hihjguf keh\Zf,
gZij_^eh‘_ggmxl_fmbl.
^.;
- hl[bjZlvnZdlu,g_h[oh^bfu_^eyjZkdjulbyl_fu
bhkgh\ghcfukeb\ukdZau\Zgby;
- hij_^_eylvp_evk\h_]h\ukdZau\Zgby,\u[bjZlvlbil_d
klZ\khhl\_lkl\bbk_]hp_evx;
- hij_^_eylv klbev k\h_]h \ukdZau\Zgby b hl[bjZlv g_h[oh^bfu_ yaudh\u_ kj_^kl\Z,
mf_klgu_\^Zgghfklbe_j_qb(kihfhsvx
mqbl_ey);
- gZoh^blvbj_rZlvhjh]jZnbq_kdb_
aZ^Zqb;
- ibkZlv baeh‘_gby ih\_kl\h\Zl_evguo b hibkZl_evguo l_dklh\ k we_f_glZfb jZkkm‘^_gby
ihke_ij_^\Zjbl_evgh]hjZa[hjZ(^h10
keh\);
- hnhjfeylv\k_\b^ubamq_gguo^_eh\uo
[mfZ];

- ibkZlv khqbg_gby -ih\_kl\h\Zgby k we_f_glZfb hibkZgby b jZkkm‘^_gby ihke_
ij_^\Zjbl_evgh]h dhee_dlb\gh]h jZa[hjZ l_fu, hkgh\ghc fukeb, kljmdlmju \ukdZau\Zgbyb
\u[hjZg_h[oh^bfuoyaudh\uokj_^kl\(80
-90 keh\).
Ql_gb_bjZa\blb_
j_qb
cbgbfZevgucb^hklZlhqgucmjh\gbmk\h_gbyij_^f_lguoj_amevlZlh\ihql_gbxgZdhg_p
rdhevgh]hh[mq_gby( IX beb X deZkku):
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv :
- kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zlv\k_dZq_kl\Ziheghp_ggh]hql_gby
\kemo;
- hkhagZggh qblZlv \kemo b ijh k_[y ^hklmigu_ ih kh^_j‘Zgbx l_dklu, kZfhklhyl_evgh
hij_^_eylvl_fm ijhba\_^_gby;
- hl\_qZlv gZ \hijhku mqbl_ey ih nZdlbq_kdhfm kh^_j‘Zgbx ijhba\_^_gby k\hbfb keh\Zfb
b,bkihevamykeh\Z Z\lhjZ;
- \ukdZau\Zlv hlghr_gb_ d ]_jhx ijhba\_^_gby b_]h ihklmidZf;
- ^_eblv gZ qZklb g_keh‘gu_ l_dklu (k ihfhsvx mqbl_ey) b i_j_kdZau\Zlv bo ih ieZgm;
gZoh^blv \ l_dkl_ g_agZdhfu_ keh\Z b \ujZ‘_gby, h[tykgylv bo agZq_gb_ k ihfhsvx
mqbl_ey;
- aZmqb\Zlvklbohl\hj_gby gZbamklv;
- kZfhklhyl_evgh qblZlv g_[hevrb_ ih h[t_fm b g_keh‘gu_ ih kh^_j‘Zgbx ijhba\_^_gby
\g_deZkkgh]hql_gby,\uihegylvihkbevgu_
aZ^Zgby.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- ijZ\bevgh, hkhagZggh b [_]eh qblZlv \kemo b ijh k_[y; hij_^_eylv hkgh\gmx fukev
ijhba\_^_gby (k ihfhsvx mqbl_ey);
- kZfhklhyl_evgh ^_eblv gZ qZklb g_keh‘guc ih kljmdlmj_bkh^_j‘Zgbxl_dkl;
- nhjfmebjh\ZlvaZ]heh\dbimgdlh\ieZgZ\jZaebqghcj_q_\hcnhjf_(kihfhsvx
mqbl_ey);
khklZ\eylvjZaebqgu_\b^ui_j_kdZah\ihieZgmkbki
hevah\Zgb_fh[jZaguo\ujZ‘_gbc;
- \ujZabl_evgh qblZlv ijhaZbq_kdb_ b ihwlbq_kdb_ ijhba\_^_gby
ihke_
ij_^\Zjbl_evghc
ih^]hlh\db;
- agZlvgZbamklvijhaZbq_kdbo
3
hlju\dZb12
klbohl\hj_gbc;
- kZfhklhyl_evghqblZlvijhba\_^_gbyom^h‘_kl\_gghcebl_jZlmju,klZlvbbai_jbh^bq_kdhc
i_qZlbkboihke_^mxsbf
h[km‘^_gb_f.
FZl_fZlbdZ
cbgbfZevguc b ^hklZlhqguc mjh\gb mk\h_gby ij_^f_lguo j_amevlZlh\ ih fZl_fZlbd_ gZ
dhg_prdhevgh]hh[mq_gby(
IX beb X deZkku):
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- agZlv qbkeh\hc jy^qbk_e \ ij_^_eZo10,qblZlv, aZibku\Zlvb kjZ\gb\Zlv p_eu_qbkeZ
\ij_^_eZo10
000;
- agZlv lZ[ebpu keh‘_gby h^ghagZqguo qbk_e, agZlv lZ[ebqgu_
kemqZbmfgh‘_gby b
ihemqZ_fu_bagbokemqZb ^_e_gby;
- \uihegylv ibkvf_ggh Zjbnf_lbq_kdb_ ^_ckl\by k qbkeZfb \ ij_^_eZo 10 (keh‘_gb_,
\uqblZgb_, mfgh‘_gb_b ^_e_gb_gZh^ghagZqgh_qbkeh) kbkihevah\Zgb_f lZ[ebp keh‘_gby,
Ze]hjblfh\ ibkvf_gguo Zjbnf_lbq_kdbo ^_ckl\bc, k bkihevah\Zgb_f fbdjhdZevdmeylhjZ
(e_]db_ kemqZb);
- agZlv ^jh[b h[udgh\_ggu_ b ^_kylbqgu_, bo ihemq_gb_, aZibkv, ql_gb_;
- \uihegylv Zjbnf_lbq_kdb_ ^_ckl\by (keh‘_gb_, \uqblZgb_, mfgh‘_gb_ b ^_e_gb_ gZ
h^ghagZqgh_ qbkeh) k ^_kylbqgufb ^jh[yfb, bf_xsbfb \ aZibkb f_g__ 5 agZdh\ (pbnj),
\ lhf
qbke_kbkihevah\Zgb_f fbdjhdZevdmeylhjZ;
- agZlvgZa\Zgby,h[hagZq_gby,khhlghr_gbydjmiguobf_edbo_^bgbpbaf_j_gbyklhbfhklb,
^ebgu,fZkku,\j_f_gbb\uihegylv^_ckl\byk
\_ebqbgZfb;
- gZoh^blv ^heb \_ebqbgu b \_ebqbgu ih agZq_gbx _z ^heb (iheh\bgZ, lj_lv, q_l\_jlv,
iylZy,^_kylZy qZklv);

- j_rZlvijhklu_Zjbnf_lbq_kdb_aZ^ZqbbkhklZ\gu_aZ^Zqb\^_ckl\by;
2
- jZkihagZ\Zlv,jZaebqZlvbgZau\Zlv]_hf_ljbq_kdb_nb]mjubl_eZ(dm[,rZj,
iZjZee_e_ibi_^),agZlvk\hckl\Zwe_f_glh\fgh]hm]hevgbdh\(lj_m]hevgbd,ijyfhm]hevgbd,
iZjZee_eh]jZff);
- kljhblvkihfhsvxebg_cdb,q_jl_‘gh]hm]hevgbdZ,pbjdmey,ljZgkihjlbjZebgbb,m]eu,
fgh]hm]hevgbdb,hdjm‘ghklb\jZaghfiheh‘_gbbgZ
iehkdhklb.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- agZlv qbkeh\hcjy^qbk_e\ ij_^_eZo,10qblZlv,aZibku\ZlvbkjZ\gb\Zlv qbkeZ
\ij_^_eZo1
000000;
- agZlv lZ[ebpu keh‘_gby h^ghagZqguo qbk_e, \ lhf qbke_ k i_j_oh^hf q_j_a ^_kylhd;
agZlvlZ[ebqgu_kemqZbmfgh‘_gbybihemqZ_fu_bagbokemqZb
^_e_gby;
- agZlvgZa\Zgby,h[hagZq_gby,khhlghr_gbydjmiguobf_edbo_^bgbpbaf_j_gbyklhbfhklb,
^ebgu,fZkku,
\j_f_gb;
- \uihegylv mklgh Zjbnf_lbq_kdb_ ^_ckl\by kqbkeZfb b qbkeZfb, ihemq_ggufb ijb
baf_j_gbb,\ij_^_eZoe_]db_
10,
kemqZb\ij_^_eZo1
000;
- \uihegylv ibkvf_ggh Zjbnf_lbq_kdb_ ^_ckl\by k fgh]hagZqgufb qbkeZfb b qbkeZfb,
ihemq_ggufbijbbaf_j_gbb,\ij_^_eZo1
000000;
- agZlv ^jh[b h[udgh\_ggu_ b ^_kylbqgu_, bo ihemq_gb_, aZibkv, ql_gb_;
- \uihegylvZjbnf_lbq_kdb_^_ckl\byk^_kylbqgufb
^jh[yfb;
- gZoh^blv h^gm beb g_kdhevdh ^he_c (ijhp_glh\)
hl qbkeZ, qbkeh ih h^ghc _]h ^heb
(ijhp_glm); \uihegylv Zjbnf_lbq_kdb_ ^_ckl\by k p_eufb qbkeZfb
^h 1 0 b
^_kylbqgufb ^jh[yfb k bkihevah\Zgb_f fbdjhdZevdmeylhjZ b ijh\_jdhc \uqbke_gbc iml_f
ih\lhjgh]hbkihevah\Zgby
fbdjhdZevdmeylhjZ;
- j_rZlv \k_ ijhklu_ aZ^Zqb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ijh]jZffhc, khklZ\gu_ aZ^Zqb \ 2
-3
Zjbnf_lbq_kdbo ^_ckl\by;
jZkihagZ\Zlv, jZaebqZlv b gZau\Zlv ]_hf_ljbq_kdb_ nb]mju b l_eZ (dm[, rZj, iZjZee_e_ibi_^,
ibjZfb^Z,
ijbafZ,
pbebg^jZ,
dhgmk), agZlv k\hckl\Z we_f_glh\ fgh]hm]hevgbdh\
(lj_m]hevgbd, ijyfhm]hevgbd, iZjZee_eh]jZff), ijyfhm]hevgh]h iZjZee_e_ibi_^Z;
\uqbkeylv iehsZ^v ijyfhm]hevgbdZ, h[t_f ijyfhm]hevgh]h iZjZee_e_ibi_^Z (dm[Z); kljhblv
kihfhsvxebg_cdb,q_jl_‘gh]hm]hevgbdZ,pbjdmey,ljZgkihjlbjZ
ebgbb,
m]eu,fgh]hm]hevgbdb,hdjm‘ghklb\jZaghfiheh‘_gbbgZiehkdhklb,\lhfqbke_
kbff_ljbqgu_hlghkbl_evghhkb,p_gljZ
kbff_ljbb;
ijbf_gylv fZl_fZlbq_kdb_ agZgby ^ey j_r_gby ijhn_kkbhgZevguo ljm^h\uo aZ^Zq.
Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_(
V deZkk)
cbgbfZevgucb^hklZlhqgucmjh\gbmk\h_gbyij_^f_lguoj_amevlZlh\ihijbjh^h\_^_gbx
\5 deZkkZo:
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- magZ\Zlvb gZau\Zlv bamq_ggu_ h[t_dlu gZ beexkljZpbyo, nhlh]jZnbyo;
- bf_lvij_^klZ\e_gbyhgZagZq_gbbbamq_gguoh[t_dlh\,bojheb\hdjm‘Zxs_ffbj_;
- hlghkblvbamq_ggu_h[t_dludhij_^_e_gguf]jmiiZf(hkbgZ
- ebkl\_ggh_^_j_\h
e_kZ);
- gZau\Zlvkoh^gu_h[t_dlu,hlg_k_ggu_dh^ghcblhc‘_bamqZ_fhc]jmii_(ihe_agu_
bkdhiZ_fu_);
- kh[ex^Zlvj_‘bf^gy,ijZ\beZebqghc]b]b_guba^hjh\h]hh[jZaZ‘bagb,ihgbfZlvbo
agZq_gb_\‘bagb q_eh\_dZ;
- kh[ex^Zlvwe_f_glZjgu_ijZ\beZ[_ahiZkgh]hih\_^_gby\ijbjh^_bh[s_kl\_ih^
(
dhgljhe_f \ajhkeh]h);
- \uihegylvg_keh‘gu_aZ^Zgbyih^dhgljhe_f
mqbl_ey;
- Z^_d\Zlghhp_gb\Zlvk\hxjZ[hlm,ijhy\eylvdg_cp_gghklgh_hlghr_gb_,ihgbfZlv
hp_gdmi_^Z]h]Z.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- magZ\ZlvbgZau\Zlvbamq_ggu_h[t_dlu\gZlmjZevghf\b^_\_kl_kl\_gguomkeh\byo,agZlv
kihkh[u ihemq_gby g_h[oh^bfhc bgnhjfZpbb h[ bamqZ_fuo h[t_dlZo ih aZ^Zgbx i_^Z]h]Z;

- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gby h \aZbfhk\yayo f_‘^m bamq_ggufb h[t_dlZfb, bo f_kl_ \
hdjm‘Zxs_ffbj_;
- hlghkblv bamq_ggu_ h[t_dlu d hij_^_e_gguf ]jmiiZf k mq_lhf jZaebqguo hkgh\Zgbc ^ey
deZkkbnbdZpbb (de_\_j - ljZ\ygbklh_ ^bdhjZklms__ jZkl_gb_; jZkl_gb_ em]Z; dhjfh\h_
jZkl_gb_;f_^hghk;jZkl_gb_,p\_lms__
e_lhf);
- gZau\Zlv koh^gu_ ih hij_^_e_gguf ijbagZdZf h[t_dlu ba l_o, dhlhju_ [ueb bamq_gu gZ
mjhdZo,ba\_klguba^jm]bobklhqgbdh\;mf_lvh[tykgylvk\h_
j_r_gb_;
- \u^_eylvkms_kl\_ggu_ijbagZdb]jmii
h[t_dlh\;
- agZlv b kh[ex^Zlv ijZ\beZ [_ahiZkgh]h ih\_^_gby \ ijbjh^_ b h[s_kl\_, ijZ\beZ
a^hjh\h]hh[jZaZ ‘bagb;
- \klmiZlv \ [_k_^m; h[km‘^Zlv bamq_ggh_; ijhy\eylv ‘_eZgb_ jZkkdZaZlv h ij_^f_l_
bamq_gby,gZ[ex^_gby,aZbgl_j_kh\Z\r_f
h[t_dl_;
- \uihegylv a^Zgby [_a l_dms_]h dhgljhey mqbl_ey (ijb gZebqbb ij_^\Zjyxs_]h b
blh]h\h]h dhgljhey), hkfuke_ggh hp_gb\Zlv k\hx jZ[hlm b jZ[hlm h^ghdeZkkgbdh\,
ijhy\eylv d g_c p_gghklgh_ hlghr_gb_, ihgbfZlv aZf_qZgby, Z^_d\Zlgh \hkijbgbfZlv
iho\Zem;
- kh\_jrZlv ^_ckl\by ih kh[ex^_gbx kZgblZjgh
-]b]b_gbq_kdbo ghjf \ hlghr_gbb
bamq_gguoh[t_dlh\b y\e_gbc;
- \uihegylv^hklmigu_\hajZklmijbjh^hhojZgbl_evgu_
^_ckl\by;
- hkms_kl\eylv^_yl_evghklv ih moh^maZdhfgZlgufb b dmevlmjgufb jZkl_gbyfb.
;bheh]by
cbgbfZevguc b ^hklZlhqguc mjh\gb mk\h_gbyij_^f_lguo j_amevlZlh\ ih [bheh]bb gZ dhg_p
rdhevgh]hh[mq_gby( IX deZkkZ):
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gby h[ h[t_dlZo b y\e_gbyo g_‘b\hc b ‘b\hc ijbjh^u,
hj]ZgbafZ
q_eh\_dZ;
- agZlv hkh[_gghklb \g_rg_]h \b^Z bamq_gguo jZkl_gbc b ‘b\hlguo, magZ\Zlv b jZaebqZlv
bamq_ggu_h[t_dlu\hdjm‘Zxs_ffbj_,fh^_eyo,nhlh]jZnbyo,
jbkmgdZo;
- agZlv h[sb_ ijbagZdb bamq_gguo ]jmii jZkl_gbc b ‘b\hlguo, ijZ\beZ ih\_^_gby \
ijbjh^_ b ijZ\beZ l_ogbdb [_ahiZkghklb, ijZ\beZ a^hjh\h]h h[jZaZ ‘bagb \ h[t_f_
ijh]jZffu;
- \uihegylv kh\f_klgh k mqbl_e_f ijZdlbq_kdb_ jZ[hlu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ ijh]jZffhc;
hibku\Zlvhkh[_gghklbkhklhygbyk\h_]h
hj]ZgbafZ;
- agZlvgZa\Zgbyki_pbZebaZpbb \jZq_c;
- ijbf_gylv ihemq_ggu_ agZgby b knhjfbjh\Zggu_ mf_gby \ [ulh\uo kblmZpbyo (moh^ aZ
jZkl_gbyfb, ‘b\hlgufb \ ^hf_, baf_j_gb_ l_fi_jZlmju l_eZ, ijZ\beZ i_j\hc ^h\jZq_[ghc
ihfhsb).
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gby h[ h[t_dlZo g_‘b\hc b ‘b\hc ijbjh^u,
hj]Zgbaf_ q_eh\_dZ;
hkhagZ\Zlv hkgh\gu_ \aZbfhk\yab f_‘^m ijbjh^gufb dhfihg_glZfb,
f_‘^m ijbjh^hc b
q_eh\_dhf, f_‘^m hj]ZgZfb b kbkl_fZfb hj]Zgh\ mq_eh\_dZ;
- mklZgZ\eb\Zlv \aZbfhk\yab f_‘^m kj_^hc h[blZgby b \g_rgbf \b^hf h[t_dlZ (_^bgkl\h
nhjfub nmgdpbb);
- agZlv ijbagZdb koh^kl\Z b jZaebqby f_‘^m ]jmiiZfb jZkl_gbc b ‘b\hlguo; mf_lv
\uihegylvdeZkkbnbdZpbxgZhkgh\_\u^_e_gbyh[sbo
ijbagZdh\;
- magZ\Zlv bamq_ggu_ ijbjh^gu_ h[t_dlu ih \g_rg_fm\b^m (gZlmjZevgu_ h[t_dlu, fmey‘b
keZc^u,jbkmgdb, ko_fu);
- agZlv gZa\Zgby, we_f_glZjgu_ nmgdpbb b jZkiheh‘_gb_ hkgh\guo hj]Zgh\ \ hj]Zgbaf_
q_eh\_dZ;
- agZlv kihkh[u kZfhgZ[ex^_gby, mf_lv hibku\Zlv hkh[_gghklb k\h_]h khklhygby,
kZfhqm\kl\by,agZlvhkgh\gu_ihdZaZl_eb k\h_]hhj]ZgbafZ(]jmiiZdjh\b, khklhygb_aj_gby,
kemoZ,ghjfml_fi_jZlmjul_eZ,djh\ygh]h
^Z\e_gby);

- agZlvijZ\beZa^hjh\h]hh[jZaZ‘bagbb[_ahiZkgh]hih\_^_gby,bkihevah\Zlvbo
^eyh[tykg_gbygh\uo kblmZpbc;
- kZfhklhyl_evgh beb ijb ij_^\Zjbl_evghc (hjb_glbjh\hqghc) ihfhsb i_^Z]h]Z \uihegylv
ijZdlbq_kdb_ jZ[hlu (baf_jylv l_fi_jZlmjm l_eZ, hdZau\Zlv ^h\jZq_[gmx ihfhsv ijb
\u\boZo,ihj_aZo,djh\hl_q_gbb,
h‘h]Zo);
- \eZ^_lvknhjfbjh\ZggufbagZgbyfbbmf_gbyfb\mq_[guo,mq_[gh
-[ulh\uobmq_[gh ljm^h\uo kblmZpbyo.
=_h]jZnby
cbgbfZevgucb^hklZlhqgucmjh\gbmk\h_gbyij_^f_lguoj_amevlZlh\ih]_h]jZnbbgZ
dhg_prdhevgh]hh[mq_gby(
IX deZkkZ):
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gby h[ hkh[_gghklyo ijbjh^u, ‘bagb, dmevlmju b ohayckl\_gghc
^_yl_evghklb ex^_c, wdheh]bq_kdboijh[e_fZoJhkkbb, jZaguofZl_jbdh\bhl^_evguo
kljZg;
- mf_lv\u^_eylv,hibku\Zlvbh[tykgylvkms_kl\_ggu_ijbagZdb]_h]jZnbq_kdboh[t_dlh\b
y\e_gbc;
- kjZ\gb\Zlv]_h]jZnbq_kdb_h[t_dlu,nZdlu,y\e_gby,
kh[ulbyihaZ^Zggufdjbl_jbyf;
- mf_lvbkihevah\Zlv]_h]jZnbq_kdb_agZgby\ih\k_^g_\ghc‘bagb^eyh[tykg_gbyy\e_gbc
bijhp_kkh\,Z^ZilZpbbdmkeh\byfl_jjblhjbbijh‘b\Zgby,kh[ex^_gbyf_j[_ahiZkghklb\
kemqZyoklbobcguo[_^kl\bcbl_ogh]_gguo
dZlZkljhn.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- mf_lvijbf_gylvwe_f_glZjgu_ijZdlbq_kdb_mf_gbybijb_fujZ[hluk]_h]jZnbq_kdhc
dZjlhc^eyihemq_gby]_h]jZnbq_kdhc
bgnhjfZpbb;
- mf_lv\_klbgZ[ex^_gbyaZh[t_dlZfb,ijhp_kkZfbby\e_gbyfb]_h]jZnbq_kdhckj_^u,
hp_gb\Zlvbobaf_g_gby\j_amevlZl_ijbjh^guobZgljhih]_gguo
\ha^_ckl\bc;
- mf_lvgZoh^blv\jZaebqguobklhqgbdZobZgZebabjh
\Zlv]_h]jZnbq_kdmxbgnhjfZpbx;
- mf_lvijbf_gylvijb[hjubbgkljmf_glu^eyhij_^_e_gbydhebq_kl\_gguobdZq_kl\_gguo
oZjZdl_jbklbddhfihg_glh\
ijbjh^u;
- mf_lvgZau\ZlvbihdZau\ZlvgZbeexkljZpbyobamq_ggu_dmevlmjgu_bbklhjbq_kdb_
iZfylgbdbk\h_c h[eZklb.
Bklhjby Hl_q_kl\Z
cbgbfZevgucb^hklZlhqgucmjh\gbmk\h_gbyij_^f_lguoj_amevlZlh\ih
ij_^f_lm
«Bklhjbyhl_q_kl\Z»gZdhg_prdhevgh]hh[mq_gby(
IX deZkkZ):
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- agZlvg_dhlhju_^Zlu\Z‘g_crbokh[ulbchl_q_kl\_gghc
bklhjbb;
- agZlv g_dhlhju_ hkgh\gu_ nZdlu bklhjbq_kdbo kh[ulbc, y\e_gbc, ijhp_kkh\;
- agZlv bf_gZ g_dhlhjuo gZb[he__ ba\_klguo bklhjbq_kdbo ^_yl_e_c (dgya_c, pZj_c,
iheblbdh\,ihedh\h^p_\,mq_guo,^_yl_e_c
dmevlmju);
- ihgbfZlvagZq_gbyhkgh\guo l_jfbgh\ -ihgylbc;
- mklZgZ\eb\Zlv ih ^ZlZf ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv b ^ebl_evghklv bklhjbq_kdbo kh[ulbc,
ihevah\Zlvky«E_glhc \j_f_gb»;
- hibku\Zlvij_^f_lu,kh[ulby,bklhjbq_kdbo]_jh_\khihjhcgZgZ]ey^ghklv,jZkkdZau\Zlv
hgboih\hijhkZf
mqbl_ey;
- gZoh^blv b ihdZau\Zlv gZ bklhjbq_kdhc dZjl_ hkgh\gu_ bamqZ_fu_ h[t_dlu b kh[ulby;
h[tykgylv agZq_gb_hkgh\guo bklhjbq_kdbo ihgylbc k ihfhsvx mqbl_ey.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- agZlvojhgheh]bq_kdb_jZfdbdexq_\uoijhp_kkh\,^Zlu\Z‘g_crbokh[ulbc
hl_q_kl\_gghcbklhjbb;
- agZlvg_dhlhju_hkgh\gu_bklhjbq_kdb_nZdlu,kh[ulby,y\e_gby,ijhp_kku;
- bo ijbqbgu, mqZklgbdh\, j_amevlZlu b agZq_gb_; jZkkdZau\Zlv h[ bklhjbq_kdbo kh[ulbyo,
^_eZlv\u\h^uh[bo
agZq_gbb;
- agZlvf_klZkh\_jr_gbyhkgh\guobklhjbq_kdbo
kh[ulbc;

- agZlvbf_gZba\_klguobklhjbq_kdbo^_yl_e_c(dgya_c,pZj_c,iheblbdh\,ihedh\h^p_\,
mq_guo,^_yl_e_cdmevlmju)bmf_lv^Z\ZlvoZjZdl_jbklbdmbklhjbq_kdbf
]_jhyf;
- ihgbfZlv «e_]_g^m» bklhjbq_kdhc dZjlu b mf_lv «qblZlv» bklhjbq_kdmx dZjlm k hihjhc gZ
__ «e_]_g^m»;
- agZlvhkgh\gu_l_jfbguihgylbcbbo
hij_^_e_gby;
- khhlghkblv]h^k\_dhf,mklZgZ\eb\Zlvihke_^h\Zl_evghklvb^ebl_evghklvbklhjbq_kdbo
kh[ulbc;
- kjZ\gb\Zlv,ZgZebabjh\Zl v,h[h[sZlvbklhjbq_kdb_nZdlu;
- ijh\h^blvihbkdbgnhjfZpbb\h^ghfbebg_kdhevdbo
bklhqgbdZo;
mklZgZ\eb\ZlvbjZkdju\Zlvijbqbggh
-ke_^kl\_ggu_k\yabf_‘^mbklhjbq_kdbfbkh[ulbyfb
b y\e_gbyfb.
H[s_kl\hagZgb_
cbgbfZevgucb^hklZlhqgucmjh\gbmk\h_gbyij_^f_lguoj_amevlZlh\ih
ij_^f_lm
«H[s_kl\h\_^_gb_»gZdhg_prdhevgh]hh[mq_gby(
IX beb X deZkku):
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- agZlvgZa\Zgb_kljZgu,\dhlhjhcfu‘b\_f,gZa\Zgby]
hkm^Zjkl\_gguokbf\heh\Jhkkbb;
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h lhf, qlh ih\_^_gb_ q_eh\_dZ \ h[s_kl\_ j_]mebjmxl hij_^_e_ggu_
ijZ\beZghjfu)
(
b
aZdhgu;
- agZlv h lhf, qlh Dhgklblmpby Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb y\ey_lky hkgh\guf aZdhghf,
ih dhlhjhfmfu ‘b\_f;
- agZlvhkgh\gu_ijZ\Zbh[yaZgghklb]jZ‘^ZgbgZ
JN;
- gZibkZlv (k ihfhsvx i_^Z]h]Z) aZy\e_gb_, jZkibkdm, hnhjfeylv klZg^Zjlgu_ [eZgdb.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- agZlv, qlh lZdh_ fhjZev, ijZ\h, ]hkm^Zjkl\h, Dhgklblmpby, dlh lZdhc
]jZ‘^Zgbg;
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h ijZ\hgZjmr_gbyo b \b^Zo ijZ\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb;
bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gb_ h aZdhgh^Zl_evghc, bkihegbl_evghc b km^_[ghc \eZklb JN;
- agZlvhkgh\gu_ijZ\Zbh[yaZgghklb]jZ‘^ZgbgZ
JN;
- agZlv hkgh\gu_ l_jfbgu ihgylbc b bo h
ij_^_e_gby; gZibkZlv aZy\e_gb_,
jZkibkdm,ijhkv[m, oh^ZlZckl\h;hnhjfeylvklZg^Zjlgu_
[eZgdb;
h[jZsZlvky\ khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ijZ\h\u_
mqj_‘^_gby;
- ijh\h^blv ihbkd bgnhjfZpbb \ jZaguo bklhqgbdZo.
Nbabq_kdZy dmevlmjZ
cbgbfZevgucb^hklZlhqgucmjh\gbmk\h_gbyij_^f_lguoj_amevlZlh\ihnbabq_kdhc
dmevlmj_gZdhg_prdhevgh]hh[mq_gby(
IX beb X deZkku):
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- bf_lvagZgbyhnbabq_kdhcdmevlmj_dZdkbkl_f_jZaghh[jZaguonhjfaZgylbc
nbabq_kdbfbmijZ‘g_gbyfbihmdj_ie_gbx
a^hjh\vy;
- ^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv ijZ\bevgmx hkZgdm; \b^u klbebah\Zgghc oh^v[u ih^ fmaudm; dhfie_dku
dhjjb]bjmxsbo mijZ‘g_gbc gZ dhgljhev hsms_gbc \( ihklZgh\d_ ]heh\u, ie_q,
iha\hghqgh]h klhe[Z), hkZgdb \ ^\b‘_gbb, iheh‘_gbc l_eZ b _]h qZkl_c (\ iheh‘_gbb klhy);
dhfie_dkumijZ‘g_gbc^eymdj_ie_gbyfur_qgh]h
dhjk_lZ;
- ihgbfZlv\ebygb_nbabq_kdbomijZ‘g_gbcgZnbabq_kdh_jZa\blb_bjZa\blb_nbabq_kdbo
dZq_kl\ q_eh\_dZ;
- ieZgbjh\ZlvaZgylby nbabq_kdbfbmijZ‘g_gbyfb\j_‘bf_^gy;
- bf_lvagZgbyh[hkgh\guonbabq_kdbodZq_kl\Zoq_eh\_dZ:kbeZ,[ukljhlZ,\ughkeb\hklv,
]b[dhklv, dhhj^bgZpby;
- ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv
‘bag_ggh \Z‘gu_ kihkh[u i_j_^\b‘_gby q_eh\_dZ (oh^v[Z, [_],
iju‘db,eZaZgv_,oh^v[ZgZeu‘Zo,ieZ\Zgb_);

- hij_^_eylvbg^b\b^mZevgu_ihdZaZl_ebnbabq_kdh]hjZa\blby(^ebgZbfZkkZl_eZ);
- \uihegylvl_ogbq_kdb_^_ckl\byba[Zah\uo\b^h\kihjlZ,ijbf_gylvbo\b]jh\hc
bkhj_\gh\Zl_evghc^_yl_evghklb,\jZaebqguobaf_gyxsboky
mkeh\byo;
- \uihegylvZdjh[Zlbq_kdb_b]bfgZklbq_kdb_dhf[b
gZpbbih^jmdh\h^kl\hfmqbl_ey;
- mqZkl\h\Zlv kh k\_jklgbdZfb\ih^\b‘guobkihjlb\guob]jZo,hkms_kl\eylvbokm^_ckl\h;
\aZbfh^_ckl\h\Zlv kh k\_jklgbdZfb ih ijZ\beZf ijh\_^_gby
ih^\b‘guo
b]j
b
khj_\gh\Zgbc;
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gby h[ hkh[_gghklyo nbabq_kdhc dmevlmju jZaguo gZjh^h\, k\yab
nbabq_kdhc dmevlmju k ijbjh^gufb, ]_h]jZnbq_kdbfb hkh[_gghklyfb, ljZ^bpbyfb b
h[uqZyfb gZjh^Z, ihgbfZlv k\yab nbabq_kdhc dmevlmju k ljm^h\hc b \h_gghc ^_yl_evghklvx;
hdZau\Zlv ihkbevgmx ihfhsv k\_jklgbdZf ijb \uiheg_gbb mq_[guo aZ^Zgbc; h[tykgylv
ijZ\beZ, l_ogbdm \uiheg_gby ^\b]Zl_evguo ^_ckl\bc, ZgZebabjh\Zlv b gZoh^blv hrb[db (k
ihfhsvx mqbl_ey);
- ieZgbjh\ZlvaZgylbynbabq_kdbfbmijZ‘g_gbyfb\j_‘bf_^gy,hj]Zgbah\u\Zlvhl^uob
^hkm]kbkihevah\Zgb_fkj_^kl\nbabq_kdhc
dmevlmju;
- ijbf_gylv kihjlb\guc bg\_glZjv, lj_gZ‘_jgu_ mkljhckl\Z gZ mjhd_ nbabq_kdhc dmevlmju.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- bf_lvij_^klZ\e_gb_hkhklhygbbbhj]ZgbaZpbbnbabq_kdhcdmevlmjubkihjlZ\Jhkkbb,\
qZklghklbhIZjZebfibckdbob]jZobKi_pbZevghc
hebfibZ^_;
- \uihegylvh[s_jZa\b\Zxsb_bdhjjb]bjmxsb_mijZ‘g_gby[_aij_^f_lh\:mijZ‘g_gbygZ
hkZgdm, gZ dhgljhev hkZgdb \ ^\b‘_gbb, iheh‘_gbc l_eZ b _]h qZkl_c klhy, kb^y, ez‘Z;
dhfie_dkumijZ‘g_gbc^eymdj_ie_gbyfur_qgh]h
dhjk_lZ;
- \uihegylvkljh_\u_^_ckl\by\r_j_g]_b
dhehgg_;
- agZlv \b^u eu‘gh]h kihjlZ, ^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv l_ogbdm eu‘guo oh^h\;
- agZlvl_fi_jZlmjgu_ghjfu^ey
aZgylbc;
- ieZgbjh\ZlvaZgylbynbabq_kdbfbmijZ‘g_gbyfb\j_‘bf_^gy,hj]Zgbah\u\Zlvhl^uob
^hkm]kbkihevah\Zgb_fkj_^kl\nbabq_kdhc
dmevlmju;
- hj]Zgbah\u\Zlv b ijh\h^blv aZgylby nbabq_kdhc dmevlmjhc k jZaghc p_e_\hc
gZijZ\e_gghklvx, ih^[bjZlv ^ey gbo nbabq_kdb_ mijZ‘g_gby b \uihegylv bo kZfhklhyl_evgh
b\]jmiiZoih^
( dhgljhe_fmqbl_ey)kaZ^Zgghc^habjh\dhc
gZ]jmadb;
- ijbf_gylvkihkh[uj_]mebjh\ZgbygZ]jmadbaZkq_l
iZma, q_j_^h\ZgbygZ]jmadbbhl^uoZ,
^uoZl_evguo mijZ‘g_gbc;
- agZlvbbaf_jylvbg^b\b^mZevgu_ihdZaZl_ebnbabq_kdh]hjZa\blby(^ebgmb
fZkkml_eZ);
- ih^Z\Zlv kljh_\u_ dhfZg^u, \_klb ih^kqzl ijb \uiheg_gbb h[s_jZa\b\Zxsbo
mijZ‘g_gbc;
- \uihegylv Zdjh[Zlbq_kdb_ b ]bfgZklbq_kdb_ dhf[bgZpbb gZ ^hklmighf l_ogbq_kdhf
mjh\g_,oZjZdl_jbah\ZlvijbagZdbijZ\bevgh]h
bkiheg_gby;
- ijh\h^blv kh k\_jklgbdZfbih^\b‘gu_b]ju,hkms_kl\eylvboh[t_dlb\gh_km^_ckl\h;
\aZbfh^_ckl\h\Zlv kh k\_jklgbdZfb ih ijZ\beZf ijh\_^_gby ih^\b‘guo b]j b khj_\gh\Zgbc;
agZlvhkh[_gghklbnbabq_kdhcdmevlmjujZaguogZjh^h\,k\yavnbabq_kdhcdmevlmjuk
ijbjh^gufb,]_h]jZnbq_kdbfbhkh[_gghklyfb
ljZ^bpbyfb
,
bh[uqZyfbgZjh^Z;
- ^h[jh‘_eZl_evghbm\Z‘bl_evghh[tykgylvhrb[dbijb\uiheg_gbbaZ^Zgbcbij_^eZ]Zlv
kihkh[ubo mkljZg_gby;
- h[tykgylvijZ\beZ,l_ogbdm\uiheg_gby^\b]Zl_evguo^_ckl\bc,ZgZebabjh\ZlvbgZoh^blv
hrb[db,\_klbih^kq_lijb\uiheg_gbbh[s_jZa\b\Zxsbo
mijZ‘g_gbc;
- bkihevah\ZlvjZaf_ldmkihjlb\ghciehsZ^dbijb\uiheg_gbbnbabq_kdbomijZ‘g_gbc;
ihevah\Zlvky kihjlb\guf
bg\_glZj_f
b lj_gZ‘_jguf
h[hjm^h\Zgb_f;
ijZ\bevgh
hjb_glbjh\Zlvky\ijhkljZgkl\_kihjlb\gh]haZeZbgZklZ^bhg_;
- jZaf_sZlvkihjlb\gu_kgZjy^uijbhj]ZgbaZpbbbijh\_^_gbbih^\b‘guo
b
kihjlb\guo b]j.

Bah[jZabl_evgh_ bkdmkkl\h
cbgbfZevgucb^hklZlhqgucmjh\gbmk\h_gbyij_^f_lguoj_amevlZlh\ihjbkh\ZgbxgZ
dhg_p h[mq_gby:
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- agZlv gZa\Zgby om^h‘_kl\_gguo fZl_jbZeh\, bgkljmf_glh\ b ijbkihkh[e_gbc; bo k\hckl\,
gZagZq_gby, ijZ\beojZg_gby, h[jZs_gby kgbfb b kZgblZjgh
-]b]b_gbq_kdbolj_[h\Zgbc ijb
jZ[hl_kgbfb;
- agZlv we_f_glZjgu_ ijZ\beZ dhfihabpbb, p\_lh\_^_gby, i_j_^Zqb nhjfu
ij_^f_lZ;
agZlvg_dhlhju_\ujZabl_evgu_kj_^kl\Zbah[jZabl_evgh]h
bkdmkkl\Z:
- «bah[jZabl_evgZy ih\_joghklv», «lhqdZ», «ebgby», «rljboh\dZ»,
«iylgh», «p\_l»;
agZlvgZa\Zgbyij_^f_lh\,ih^e_‘Zsbo
jbkh\Zgbx;
- agZlv gZa\Zgby g_dhlhjuo gZjh^guo b gZpbhgZevguo ijhfukeh\,
ba]hlZ\eb\Zxsbo
b]jmrdb:[ufdh\h,=‘_ev,=hjh^_p,DZj]hihevb
^j.;
- kZfhklhyl_evgh hj]Zgbah\u\Zlv k\h_ jZ[hq__ f_klh \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl oZjZdl_jZ
\uihegy_fhc jZ[hlu: ijZ\bevgh kb^_lv aZ klhehf, jZkiheZ]Zlv ebkl [mfZ]b gZ klhe_,
^_j‘ZlvdZjZg^Zr,dbklvb
^j.;
- ke_^h\Zlv ijb \uiheg_gbb jZ[hlu bgkljmdpbyf mqbl_ey; jZpbhgZevgh hj]Zgbah\Zlv k\hx
bah[jZabl_evgmx^_yl_evghklv;ieZgbjh\ZlvjZ[hlm;
- hkms_kl\eylvl_dmsbcbaZdexqbl_evgucdhgljhev\uihegy_fuoijZdlbq_kdbo^_ckl\bcb
dhjj_dlbjh\dmoh^ZijZdlbq_kdhc
jZ[hlu;
- jbkh\Zlv k gZlmju, ih iZfylb, ij_^klZ\e_gbx, \hh[jZ‘_gbx ij_^f_lu g_keh‘ghc
nhjfu b dhgkljmdpbb; i_j_^Z\Zlv \ jbkmgd_ kh^_j‘Zgb_ g_keh‘guo ijhba\_^_gbc \
khhl\_lkl\bbk l_fhc;
- ijbf_gylvijb_fujZ[hludZjZg^Zrhf,Zd\Zj_evgufbdjZkdZfbkp_evxi_j_^ZqbnZdlmju
ij_^f_lZ;
- hjb_glbjh\Zlvky \ ijhkljZgkl\_
ebklZ; jZaf_sZlv bah[jZ‘_gb_ h^gh]h beb ]jmiiu
ij_^f_lh\\khhl\_lkl\bbkiZjZf_ljZfbbah[jZabl_evghc
ih\_joghklb;
- Z^_d\Zlgh i_j_^Z\Zlv p\_l bah[jZ‘Z_fh]h h[t_dlZ, hij_^_eylv gZkus_gghklv p\_lZ,
ihemqZlvkf_rZggu_bg_dhlhju_hll_gdb
p\_lZ;
- magZ\Zlv b jZaebqZlv \ dgb‘guo beexkljZpbyo b j_ijh^mdpbyo bah[jZ‘_ggu_ ij_^f_lu b
^_ckl\by.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- agZlvgZa\Zgby‘Zgjh\bah[jZabl_evgh]hbkdmkkl\Z(ihjlj_l,gZlxjfhjl,i_caZ‘b^j.);
agZlvgZa\Zgbyg_dhlhjuogZjh^guobgZpbhgZevguoijhfukeh\([ufdh\h,=‘_ev,=hjh^_p,
OhoehfZb^j.);
- agZlv hkgh\gu_ hkh[_gghklb g_dhlhjuo fZl_jbZeh\, bkihevam_fuo \ jbkh\Zgbb;
- agZlv\ujZabl_evgu_kj_^kl\Zbah[jZabl_evgh]hbkdmkkl\Z:«bah[jZabl_evgZy
ih\_joghklv»,
«lhqdZ»,«ebgby»,«rljboh\dZ»,«dhglmj»,«iylgh»,«p\_l»,h[t_f,
«ijhkljZgkl\h»,
«ijhihjpby»,«kbff_ljby»,«jblf»,«^bgZfbdZ»b
^j.;
- agZlvaZdhgubijZ\beZp\_lh\_^_gby;k\_lhl_gb;i_jki_dlb\u;ihkljh_gbyhjgZf_glZ,
klbebaZpbbnhjfuij_^f_lZb
^j.;
- gZoh^blv g_h[oh^bfmx ^ey \uiheg_gby jZ[hlu bgnhjfZpbx \ fZl_jbZeZo mq_[gbdZ,
jZ[hq_cl_ljZ^b;
- ke_^h\Zlv ijb \uiheg_gbb jZ[hlu bgkljmdpbyf mqbl_ey beb bgkljmdpbyf, ij_^klZ\e_gguf
\^jm]bobgnhjfZpbhgguo
bklhqgbdZo;
- hp_gb\Zlv j_amevlZlu kh[kl\_gghc bah[jZabl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb b h^ghdeZkkgbdh\
(djZkb\h,g_djZkb\h,ZddmjZlgh,ihoh‘_gZ
h[jZa_p);
- mklZgZ\eb\Zlvijbqbggh -ke_^kl\_ggu_k\yabf_‘^m\uihegy_fufb^_ckl\byfbb
boj _amevlZlZfb;
- jbkh\Zlv k gZlmju b ih iZfylb ihke_ ij_^\Zjbl_evguo gZ[ex^_gbc, i_j_^Z\Zlv \k_
ijbagZdbbk\hckl\Zbah[jZ‘Z_fh]hh[t_dlZ;jbkh\Zlvih
\hh[jZ‘_gbx;

- mf_lvjZaebqZlvbi_j_^Z\Zlv\jbkmgd_wfhpbhgZevgh_khklhygb_bk\h_hlghr_gb_d
ijbjh^_,q_eh\_dm,k_fv_b
h[s_kl\m;
- mf_lvjZaebqZlvijhba\_^_gby‘b\hibkb,]jZnbdb,kdmevilmju,Zjobl_dlmjub
^_dhjZlb\gh - ijbdeZ^gh]h bkdmkkl\Z;
- mf_lvjZaebqZlv‘Zgjubah[jZabl_evgh]hbkdmkkl\Z:i_caZ‘,ihjlj_l,gZlxjfhjl,
kx‘_lgh_bah[jZ‘_gb_.
FmaudZ
cbgbfZevgucb^hklZlhqgucmjh\gbmk\h_gbyij_^f_lguoj_amevlZlh\ihfmaud_gZdhg_p
h[mq_gby:
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- hij_^_eylvoZjZdl_jbkh^_j‘Zgb_agZdhfuofmaudZevguoijhba\_^_gbc,
ij_^mkfhlj_gguoIjh]jZffhc;
- bf_lvij_^klZ\e_gbyhg_dhlhjuofmaudZevguobgkljmf_glZobboa\mqZgbb(ljm[Z,[Zyg,
]blZjZ);
- i_lv k bgkljmf_glZevguf khijh\h‘^_gb_f b [_a g_]h (kihfhsvx i_^Z]h]Z); \ujZabl_evgh
b ^hklZlhqgh wfhpbhgZevgh bkihegylv \umq_ggu_ i_kgb k ijhkl_crbfb we_f_glZfb
^bgZfbq_kdbo hll_gdh\;
- h^gh\j_f_gghgZqbgZlvbaZdZgqb\Zlvi_kgx:g_hlklZ\Zlvbg_hi_j_‘Zlv
^jm] ^jm]Z,i_lv
^jm‘gh,keZ‘_ggh,ijbkemrb\Zlvky
^jm] d ^jm]m;
- ijZ\bevgh nhjfbjh\Zlv ijb i_gbb ]eZkgu_ a\mdb b hlq_leb\h ijhbaghkblv
kh]eZkgu_
a\mdb\dhgp_b\k_j_^bg_
keh\;
- ijZ\bevghi_j_^Z\Zlvf_eh^bx\^bZiZahg_
j_1 -kb1;
- jZaebqZlv\klmie_gb_,aZi_\,ijb
i_\,ijhb]jur,hdhgqZgb_i_kgb;
- jZaebqZlvi_kgx,lZg_p,
fZjr;
- mf_gb_i_j_^Z\Zlvjblfbq_kdbcjbkmghdihi_\hd(oehidZfb,gZf_lZeehnhg_,]hehkhf);
hij_^_eylvjZaghh[jZagu_ihkh^_j‘ZgbxboZjZdl_jmfmaudZevgu_ijhba\_^_gby\_k_eu_,
(
]jmklgu_b kihdhcgu_);
- \eZ^_lvwe_f_glZjgufbij_^klZ\e_gbyfbhghlghc
]jZfhl_.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- kZfhklhyl_evgh bkihegylv jZamq_ggu_ ^_lkdb_ i_kgb; agZgb_ ^bgZfbq_kdbo hll_gdh\
(nhjl_ - ]jhfdh, ibZgh -lboh);
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gby h gZjh^guo fmaudZevguo bgkljmf_glZo b bo a\mqZgbb (^hfjZ,
fZg^hebgZ, [Zyg, ]mkeb, k\bj_ev, ]Zjfhgv, lj_s_ldZ, ^_j_\yggu_ eh‘db, [Zk
-[ZeZeZcdZ);
bf_lvij_^klZ\e_gbyh[hkh[_gghklyof_eh^bq_kdh]h]hehkh\_^_gbyieZ\gh,
(
hlju\bklh,
kdZqdhh[jZagh);
- i_lv ohjhf, \uihegyy lj_[h\Zgby om^h‘_kl\_ggh]h
bkiheg_gby; ykgh
b q_ldh ijhbaghkblv
keh\Z \ i_kgyo
ih^\b‘gh]h oZjZdl_jZ;
- bkihegylv \umq_ggu_ i_kgb [_a fmaudZevgh]h khijh\h‘^_gby,
kZfhklhyl_evgh;
- jZaebqZlvjZaghh[jZagu_ihoZjZdl_jm
ba\mqZgbxi_kgb,fZjrb,lZgpu;
- \eZ^_lv we_f_glZfb fmaudZevghc ]jZfhlu, dZd kj_^kl\Z hkhagZgby
fmaudZevghcj_qb.
BgnhjfZlbdZ
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- agZlv ijZ\beZ ‘bagb ex^_c \ fbj_ bgnhjfZpbb:
ba[bjZl_evghklv \ ihlj_[e_gbb
bgnhjfZpbb, m\Z‘_gb_
d ebqghc bgnhjfZpbb ^jm]h]h q_eh\_dZ, d ijhp_kkm mq_gby, d
khklhygbx g_ihegh]hagZgbyb^jm]bf
Zki_dlZf;
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gby h dhfivxl_j_ dZd mgb\_jkZevghf mkljhckl\_ h[jZ[hldb bgnhjfZpbb;
j_rZlv mq_[gu_ aZ^Zqbk bkihevah\Zgb_f h[s_^hklmiguo \ rdhe_ kj_^kl\ BDL b bklhqgbdh\
bgnhjfZpbb\khhl\_lkl\bbkhkh[ufbh[jZah\Zl_evgufbihlj_[ghklyfb
b
\hafh‘ghklyfb h[mqZxsboky;
- ihevah\Zlvky dhfivxl_jhf
^ey ihbkdZ, ihemq_gby, ojZg_gby, \hkijhba\_^_gby b i_j_^Zqb

g_h[oh^bfhc bgnhjfZpbb.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- agZlv ijZ\beZ ‘bagb ex^_c \ fbj_ bgnhjfZpbb:
ba[bjZl_evghklv \ ihlj_[e_gbb
bgnhjfZpbb, m\Z‘_gb_
d ebqghc bgnhjfZpbb ^jm]h]h q_eh\_dZ, d ijhp_kkm mq_gby, d
khklhygbx g_ihegh]hagZgbyb^jm]bf
Zki_dlZf;
- bf_lv ij_^klZ\e_gby h dhfivxl_j_ dZd mgb\_jkZevghf mkljhckl\_ h[jZ[hldb bgnhjfZpbb;
j_rZlv mq_[gu_ aZ^Zqbk bkihevah\Zgb_f h[s_^hklmiguo \ rdhe_ kj_^kl\ BDL b bklhqgbdh\
bgnhjfZpbb\khhl\_lkl\bbkhkh[ufbh[jZah\Zl_evgufbihlj_[ghklyfb
b
\hafh‘ghklyfb h[mqZxsboky;
- ihevah\Zlvky dhfivxl_jhf
^ey ihbkdZ, ihemq_gby, ojZg_gby, \hkijhba\_^_gby b i_j_^Zqb
g_h[oh^bfhc bgnhjfZpbb;
- ihevah\Zlvky^hklmigufbijbzfZfbjZ[hluk]hlh\hcl_dklh\hc,\bamZevghc,
a\mdh\hcbgnhjfZpb_c\k_lb
Bgl_jg_l;
- \eZ^_lv ^bZeh]bq_kdhc nhjfhc dhffmgbdZpbb, bkihevamy kj_^kl\Z b bgkljmf_glu BDL b
^bklZgpbhggh]h h[s_gby.
Hkgh\ukhpbZevghc ‘bagb
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- jZaebq_gb_hl^_evguo\b^h\ijh^mdlh\,hlghkysbokydjZaguf]jmiiZfihbohkgh\guf
oZjZdl_jbklbdZf;
- kZfhklhyl_evgh_ijb]hlh\e_gb_g_keh‘guo[ex^([ml_j[jh^h\,kZeZlh\,\lhjuo[ex^);
kh[ex^_gb_kZgblZjgh -]b]b_gbq_kdbolj_[h\Zgbcdijhp_kkmijb]hlh\e_gbyibsbb
lj_[h\Zgbcl_ogbdb[_ahiZkghklbijbijb]hlh\e_gbb
ibsb;
- \uiheg_gb_ ih^
(
jmdh\h^kl\hf mqbl_ey) f_edh]h j_fhglZ b h[gh\e_gb_ h^_‘^u;
j_r_gb_lbih\uoijZdlbq_kdboaZ^Zq(ih^jmdh\h^kl\hfi_^Z]h]Z)ihkj_^kl\hfh[jZs_gby\
lhj]h\u_ ij_^ijbylby b ij_^ijbylby [ulh\h]h h[kem‘b\Zgby;
- kZfhklhyl_evgh_kh\_jr_gb_ihdmihdlh\Zjh\ih\k_^g_\gh]hkijhkZbagZgb_kihkh[h\
hij_^_e_gbyijZ\bevghklbhlimkdZ
lh\Zjh\;
- ihevah\Zgb_ jZaebqgufb kj_^kl\Zfb k\yab, \dexqZy Bgl_jg_l -kj_^kl\Z; agZgb_ b
kh[ex^_gb_ kZgblZjgh -]b]b_gbq_kdbo ijZ\be ^ey ^_\mr_d b xghr_c; agZgb_ hkgh\guo f_j
ih ij_^mij_‘^_gbxbgn_dpbhgguoaZ[he_\Zgbc; agZgb_hkgh\guoijZ\be moh^ZaZ[hevguf;
dhee_dlb\gh_ieZgbjh\Zgb_k_f_cgh]h
[x^‘_lZ;
- aZiheg_gb_jZaebqguo^_eh\uo[mfZ](khihjhcgZh[jZa_p)g_h[oh^bfuo
,
^ey
^Zevg_cr_]hljm^hmkljhckl\Z;
- kh[ex^_gb_fhjZevgh -wlbq_kdboghjfbijZ\bekh\j_f_ggh]hh[s_kl\Z;[hklZlhqguc
mjh\_gv:
- agZgb_kihkh[h\ojZg_gbybi_j_jZ[hldbijh^mdlh\
iblZgby;
- khklZ\e_gb__‘_^g_\gh]hbijZa^gbqgh]hf_gxba
ij_^eh‘_gguoijh^mdlh\iblZgby;
- khklZ\e_gb_kf_lujZkoh^h\gZijh^mdluiblZgby\khhl\_lkl\bbk
f_gx;
kZfhklhyl_evgh_ijb]hlh\e_gb_ba\_klguo[ex^(oheh^guob]hjyqboaZdmkhd,i_j\uob
\lhjuo [ex^);
- \u[hjg_h[oh^bfh]hlh\ZjZbajy^Zij_^eh‘_gguo\khhl\_lkl\bbk_]hihlj_[bl_evkdbfb
oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb;
- gZ\udb h[jZs_gby \ jZaebqgu_ mqj_‘^_gby b hj]ZgbaZpbb; \_^_gb_ dhgkljmdlb\gh]h
^bZeh]ZkjZ[hlgbdZfbmqj_‘^_gbcb
hj]ZgbaZpbc;
- ihevah\Zgb_ mkem]Zfb ij_^ijbylbc kem‘[u [ulZ, lhj]h\eb, k\yab, f_^bpbgkdhc ihfhsb,
]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo mqj_‘^_gbc b mqj_‘^_gbc ih ljm^hmkljhckl\m ^ey j_r_gby ijZdlbq_kdb
agZqbfuo aZ^Zq;
- agZgb_hkgh\guoklZl_ck_f_cgh]h[x^‘_lZ;kZfhklhyl_evgucjZkq_ljZkoh^h\b^hoh^h\
k_f_cgh]h[x^‘_lZ;
- kZfhklhyl_evgh_aZiheg_gb_^hdmf_glh\,g_h[oh^bfuo^eyijb_fZgZjZ[hlm(aZy\e_gb_,
j_axf_, Z\lh[bh]jZnby).

Ijhnbevgucljm^
FbgbfZevguc
mjh\_gv:
- agZgb_ gZa\Zgbc fZl_jbZeh\;
ijhp_kkZ bo ba]hlh\e_gby;
ba^_ebc, dhlhju_ ba gbo
ba]hlZ\eb\Zxlkybijbf_gyxlky\
[ulm, b]j_,mq_[_, hl^uo_;
- agZgb_k\hckl\fZl_jbZeh\bijZ\beojZg_gby;kZgblZjgh
-]b]b_gbq_kdbolj_[h\Zgbcijb
jZ[hl_kijhba\h^kl\_ggufb
fZl_jbZeZfb;
- agZgb_ ijbgpbih\ ^_ckl\by, h[s_]hmkljhckl\Z fZrbgu b __ hkgh\guo qZkl_c (gZijbf_j_
bamq_gbyex[hc kh\j_f_gghc fZrbgu: f_lZeehj_‘ms_]h klZgdZ, r\_cghc fZrbgu, ldZpdh]h
klZgdZ,Z\lhfh[bey,ljZdlhjZb
^j.);
- agZgb_bijbf_g_gb_ijZ\be[_ahiZkghcjZ[hlukbgkljmf_glZfbbh[hjm^h\Zgb_f,
kZgblZjgh -]b]b_gbq_kdbolj_[h\Zgbcijb\uiheg_gbb
jZ[hlu;
- \eZ^_gb_hkgh\Zfbkh\j_f_ggh]hijhfure_ggh]hbk_evkdhohayckl\_ggh]hijhba\h^kl\Z,
kljhbl_evkl\Z,ljZgkihjlZ,kn_ju
h[kem‘b\Zgby;
- ql_gb_ l_ogheh]bq_kdhc dZjlu, bkihevam_fhc \ ijhp_kk_ ba]hlh\e_gby ba^_eby;
khklZ\e_gb_klZg^Zjlgh]hieZgZ jZ[hlu;
- hij_^_e_gb_ mlbeblZjghc b wkl_lbq_kdhc p_gghklb ij_^f_lh\,
ba^_ebc;
ihgbfZgb_bhp_gdZdjZkhlu
ljm^Z b_]h j_amevlZlh\;
- bkihevah\Zgb_wkl_lbq_kdbohjb_glbjh\/wlZehgh\\
[ulm, ^hfZb\ rdhe_;
- wkl_lbq_kdZyhp_gdZij_^f_lh\bbobkihevah\Zgb_\ih\k_^g_\ghc‘bagb\khhl\_lkl\bbk
wkl_lbq_kdhcj_]eZf_glZpb_c,mklZgh\e_gghc\
h[s_kl\_;
- jZkij_^_e_gb_jhe_c\]jmii_,khljm^gbq_kl\h,
hkms_kl\e_gb_\aZbfhihfhsb;
- mq_lfg_gbclh\Zjbs_cbi_^Z]h]Zijbhj]ZgbaZpbbkh[kl\_gghc^_yl_evghklbb
kh\f_klghcjZ[hlu;
- dhff_glbjh\Zgb_bhp_gdZ\^h[jh‘_eZl_evghcnhjf_^hklb‘_gbclh\Zjbs_c;ihkbevgh_
mqZklb_\[eZ]hmkljhckl\_bha_e_g_gbbl_jjblhjbc;hojZg_ijbjh^u
b
hdjm‘Zxs_c kj_^u.
>hklZlhqguc mjh\_gv:
- hkhagZggh_ hij_^_e_gb_
\hafh‘ghkl_c
jZaebqguo fZl_jbZeh\,
hkms_kl\e_gb_ bo
p_e_gZijZ\e_ggh]h\u[hjZ\khhl\_lkl\bbknbabq_kdbfb,^_dhjZlb\gh
-om^h‘_kl\_ggufbb
dhgkljmdlb\gufbk\hckl\Zf\aZ\bkbfhklbhlaZ^Zqij_^f_lgh
-ijZdlbq_kdhc^_yl_evghklb;
ieZgbjh\Zgb_ ij_^klhys_c ijZdlbq_kdhc jZ[hlu, khhlg_k_gb_ k\hbo ^_ckl\bc k ihklZ\e_gghc
p_evx;
- hkms_kl\e_gb_gZkljhcdbbl_dms_]hj_fhglZ
bgkljmf_glZ;
hl[hj\aZ\bkbfhklbhlk\hckl\fZl_jbZeh\bihklZ\e_gguop_e_chilbfZevguob
^hklmiguo
l_ogheh]bq_kdboijb_fh\jmqghcbfZrbgghch[jZ[hldb
fZl_jbZeh\;
- kha^Zgb_fZl_jbZevguop_gghkl_c,bf_xsboihlj_[bl_evkdmxklhbfhklvbagZq_gb_^ey
m^h\e_l\hj_gbyh[s_kl\_gguo
ihlj_[ghkl_c;
- kZfhklhyl_evgh_hij_^_e_gb_aZ^Zqij_^klhys_cjZ[hlubhilbfZevghc
ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb^_ckl\bc^eyj_ZebaZpbb
aZfukeZ;
ijh]ghabjh\Zgb_dhg_qgh]hj_amevlZlZbkZfhklhyl_evguchl[hjkj_^kl\bkihkh[h\jZ[hlu
^ey_]h ihemq_gby;
- \eZ^_gb_ g_dhlhjufb
\b^Zf
h[s_kl\_ggh -hj]ZgbaZpbhggh]h
ljm^Z (\uiheg_gb_
h[yaZgghkl_c[jb]Z^bjZjZ[hq_c]jmiiu,klZjhkludeZkkZ,a\_gv_\h]h;b
l.i.);
- ihgbfZgb_h[s_kl\_gghcagZqbfhklbk\h_]hljm^Z,k\hbo^hklb‘_gbc\h[eZklb
ljm^h\hc^_yl_evghklb;kihkh[ghklvd
kZfhhp_gd_;
- ihgbfZgb_g_h[oh^bfhklb]Zjfhgbqgh]hkhkms_kl\h\Zgbyij_^f_lgh]hfbjZkfbjhf
ijbjh^u.

Kbkl_fZhp_gdb^hklb‘_gbyh[mqZxsbfbky
Zmlbklbq_kdh]hki_dljZ,bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmxhlklZehklv,
j_amevlZlh\hk\h_gbyZ^Zilbjh\Zgghchkgh\ghch[jZah\Zl_evghc

kjZkkljhckl\hf
ieZgbjm_fuo
ijh]jZffu

Kbkl_fZhp_gdb^hklb‘_gbyh[mqZxsbfbkykJ:K,bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmxhlklZehklv,
ieZgbjm_fuoj_amevlZlh\hk\h_gby:HHIijba\ZgZj_rblv
ke_^mxsb_ aZ^Zqb:
-aZdj_ieylv hkgh\gu_gZijZ\e_gbyb p_eb hp_ghqghc ^_yl_evghklb, hibku\Zlv h[t_dl
b kh^_j‘Zgb_ hp_gdb, djbl_jbb, ijhp_^mju b khklZ\ bgkljmf_glZjby hp_gb\Zgby,
nhjfu ij_^klZ\e_gby j_amevlZlh\, mkeh\by b ]jZgbpu ijbf_g_gby kbkl_fu hp_gdb;
-hjb_glbjh\Zlv h[jZah\Zl_evguc ijhp_kk gZ gjZ\kl\_ggh_ jZa\blb_ b \hkiblZgb_
h[mqZxsboky, ^hklb‘_gb_ ieZgbjm_fuo j_amevlZlh\ hk\h_gby kh^_j‘Zgby mq_[guo
ij_^f_lh\bnhjfbjh\Zgb_[Zah\uomq_[guo
^_ckl\bc;
-h[_ki_qb\Zlv dhfie_dkguc ih^oh^ d hp_gd_ j_amevlZlh\ hk\h_gby :HHI,
iha\heyxsbc\_klbhp_gdmij_^f_lguobebqghklguo
j_amevlZlh\;
-ij_^mkfZljb\Zlv hp_gdm ^hklb‘_gbc, h[mqZxsboky b hp_gdm wnn_dlb\ghklb
^_yl_evghklbh[jZah\Zl_evghc hj]ZgbaZpbb;
-iha\heylv hkms_kl\eylv hp_gdm ^bgZfbdb mq_[guo ^hklb‘_gbc, h[mqZxsboky b
jZa\blbybo‘bag_gghc
dhfi_l_gpbb.
J_amevlZlu ^hklb‘_gbc, h[mqZxsboky k J:K, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv, \
h\eZ^_gbb :HHI y\eyxlky agZqbfufb ^ey hp_gdb dZq_kl\Z h[jZah\Zgby h[mqZxsboky.
Hp_gdbj_amevlZlh\hkms_kl\ey_lkygZhkgh\_
ke_^mxsbo ijbgpbih\ :
1. ^bnn_j_gpbZpbb hp_gdb ^hklb‘_gbc k mq_lhf lbiheh]bq_kdbo b bg^b\b^mZevguo
hkh[_gghkl_c jZa\blby b hkh[uo h[jZah\Zl_evguo ihlj_[ghkl_c, h[mqZxsboky k
jZkkljhckl\hfZmlbklbq_kdh]hki_dljZ,bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv;
2. h[t_dlb\ghklb hp_gdb, jZkdju\Zxs_c ^bgZfbdm ^hklb‘_gbc b dZq_kl\_gguo
baf_g_gbc\ikbobq_kdhfbkhpbZevghfjZa\blbb
h[mqZxsboky;
3. _^bgkl\Z iZjZf_ljh\, djbl_jb_\ b bgkljmf_glZjby hp_gdb ^hklb‘_gbc \ hk\h_gbb
kh^_j‘Zgby :HHI. [ey wlh]h g_h[oh^bfuf y\ey_lky kha^Zgb_ f_lh^bq_kdh]h
h[_ki_q_gby(hibkZgb_^bZ]ghklbq_kdbofZl_jbZeh\, ijhp_^mjboijbf_g_gby,k[hjZ,
nhjfZebaZpbb,h[jZ[hldb,h[h[s_gbybij_^klZ\e_gbyihemq_gguo^Zgguo)ijhp_kkZ
hkms_kl\e_gbyhp_gdb^hklb‘_gbc
h[mqZxsboky.
Wlb ijbgpbiu hljZ‘Zxl p_ehklghklv kbkl_fu h[jZah\Zgby h[mqZxsboky k
mfkl\_gghc hlklZehklvx (bgl_ee_dlmZevgufb gZjmr_gbyfb), ij_^klZ\eyxl h[h[s_ggu_
oZjZdl_jbklbdbhp_gdbbomq_[guobebqghklguo
^hklb‘_gbc.
H[_ki_q_gb_ ^bnn_j_gpbjh\Zgghc hp_gdb ^hklb‘_gbc, h[mqZxsboky k jZkkljhckl\hf
Zmlbklbq_kdh]h ki_dljZ, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv, bf__l hij_^_eyxs__ agZq_gb_^ey
hp_gdbdZq_kl\Z h[jZah\Zgby.
< khhl\_lkl\bb k lj_[h\Zgb_f N=HK ^ey h[mqZxsboky k
jZkkljhckl\hf Zmlbklbq_kdh]h
ki_dljZ, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv,
hp_gd_ ih^e_‘Zl ebqghklgu_ b ij_^f_lgu_
j_amevlZlu.
Ebqghklgu_ j_amevlZlu \dexqZxl h\eZ^_gb_ h[mqZxsbfbky khpbZevgufb
(‘bag_ggufb) dhfi_l_gpbyfb, g_h[oh^bfufb ^ey j_r_gby ijZdlbdh
-hjb_glbjh\Zgguo
aZ^Zqb h[_ki_qb\Zxsbfb
nhjfbjh\Zgb_ b jZa\blb_ khpbZevguo hlghr_gbc, h[mqZxsboky
\jZaebqguo kj_^Zo.
?J@:L?EVGUCJ:A>?E
IJH=J:FF:NHJFBJH<:GBY;:AH?CKLF?LH<
ƒ ijh]jZffZo mql_gu aZ^Zqb \hkiblZgby, h[mq_gby b jZa\blby, h[mqZxsboky k J:K,
bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv,
bo \hajZklgu_ b bgu_ hkh[_gghklb, Z lZd‘_ mkeh\by,
g_h[oh^bfuo^eyjZa\blbyboebqghklguo
dZq_kl\.
V-IX
deZkku
JMKKDBC YAUD
Ihykgbl_evgZy aZibkdZ
Kh^_j‘Zgb_ ijh]jZffu ih jmkkdhfm yaudm khklZ\eyxl ^\Z jZa^_eZ: «=jZffZlbdZ,
ijZ\hibkZgb_ b jZa\blb_ j_qb», «Ql_gb_ b jZa\blb_ j_qb». DhffmgbdZlb\gZy gZijZ\e_gghklv
y\ey_lkyhkgh\ghchlebqbl_evghcq_jlhcdZ‘^h]hba^\mo
jZa^_eh\.
Bamq_gb_jmkkdh]hyaudZ\klZjrbodeZkkZobf__lk\h_c
p_evx jZa\blb_
dhffmgbdZlb\gh -j_q_\uo gZ\udh\ b dhjj_dpbx g_^hklZldh\ fukebl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb.
[hklb‘_gb_ihklZ\e_gghcp_ebh[_ki_qb\Z_lkyj_r_gb_fke_^mxsbo
aZ^Zq:
— jZkrbj_gb_ij_^klZ\e_gbchyaud_dZd\Z‘g_cr_fkj_^kl\_
q_eh\_q_kdh]h
h[s_gby;
— hagZdhfe_gb_ k g_dhlhjufb ]jZffZlbq_kdbfb ihgylbyfbb nhjfbjh\Zgb_ gZ wlhc
hkgh\_]jZffZlbq_kdboagZgbcb
mf_gbc;
— bkihevah\Zgb_ mk\h_gguo ]jZffZlbdh -hjnh]jZnbq_kdbo agZgbc b mf_gbc ^ey
j_r_gbyijZdlbq_kdbo(dhffmgbdZlb\gh
-j_q_\uo) aZ^Zq;
— kh\_jr_gkl\h\Zgb_gZ\udZiheghp_ggh]hql_gbydZdhkgh\u
ihgbfZgby
om^h‘_kl\_ggh]hbgZmqgh -ihagZ\Zl_evgh]h l_dklh\;
— jZa\blb_ gZ\udh\ j_q_\h]h h[s_gby gZ fZl_jbZe_ ^hklmiguo ^ey ihgbfZgby
om^h‘_kl\_gguobgZmqgh -ihagZ\Zl_evguo l_dklh\;
— jZa\blb_iheh‘bl_evguodZq_kl\bk\hckl\
ebqghklb.
=jZffZlbdZ,ijZ\hibkZgb_bjZa\blb_
j_qb
Nhg_lbdZ. A\mdb b [md\u. H[hagZq_gb_ a\mdh\ gZ ibkvf_. =eZkgu_ b kh]eZkgu_.
Kh]eZkgu_ l\_j^u_ b fy]db_. H[hagZq_gb_ fy]dhklb kh]eZkguo gZ ibkvf_ [md\Zfb v,_,z,b,x,y
.
Kh]eZkgu_ ]emob_ b a\hgdb_. Kh]eZkgu_ iZjgu_ b g_iZjgu_ ih l\_j^hklb
– fy]dhklb,
a\hgdhklb – ]emohklb. JZa^_ebl_evguc v. M^Zj_gb_. =eZkgu_ m^Zjgu_ b [_am^Zjgu_. Ijh\_jdZ
gZibkZgby [_am^Zjguo ]eZkguo iml_f baf_g_gby nhjfu keh\Z. Keh]. I_j_ghk keh\. :enZ\bl.
Fhjnheh]by
KhklZ\ keh\Z . Dhj_gv b h^ghdhj_ggu_ keh\Z. HdhgqZgb_. IjbklZ\dZ. Kmnnbdk.

H[jZah\Zgb_ keh\ k ihfhsvx ijbklZ\hd b kmnnbdkh\. JZa[hj keh\ ih khklZ\m. Keh‘gu_ keh\Z:
h[jZah\Zgb_ keh‘guo keh\ k kh_^bgbl_evgufb ]eZkgufb b [_a kh_^bgbl_evguo ]eZkguo.
Keh‘ghkhdjZs_ggu_ keh\Z.
IjZ\hibkZgb_ijh\_jy_fuo[_am^Zjguo]eZkguo,a\hgdbob]emobokh]eZkguo\dhjg_
keh\Z. ?^bghh[jZagh_ gZibkZgb_ m^Zjguo b [_am^Zjguo ]eZkguo, a\hgdbo b ]emobo kh]eZkguo
\dhjgyokeh\.G_ijh\_jy_fu_]eZkgu_bkh]eZkgu_\dhjg_
keh\.
IjZ\hibkZgb_ijbklZ\hd.?^bghh[jZagh_gZibkZgb_jy^ZijbklZ\hd.IjbklZ\dZb
ij_^eh].
JZa^_ebl_evguc t .
QZklb j_qb
Bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_, ]eZ]he, bfy ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_, bfy qbkebl_evgh_, f_klhbf_gb_,
gZj_qb_,ij_^eh].JZaebq_gb_qZkl_cj_qbih\hijhkZfb
agZq_gbx.
Ij_^eh]: h[s__ihgylb_,agZq_gb_\j_qb.JZa^_evgh_gZibkZgb_ij_^eh]h\
kh
keh\Zfb.
Bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_
: h[s__ agZq_gb_. Bf_gZ kms_kl\bl_evgu_ kh[kl\_ggu_ b
gZjbpZl_evgu_, h^mr_\e_ggu_ b g_h^mr_\e_ggu_. Jh^ bf_g kms_kl\bl_evguo. GZibkZgb_
fy]dh]h agZdZ(v) ihke_ rbiysbo \ dhgp_ keh\ mkms_kl\bl_evguo ‘_gkdh]h jh^Z. Qbkeh bf_g
kms_kl\bl_evguo. Bf_gZ kms_kl\bl_evgu_, mihlj_[ey_fu_ lhevdh \ _^bgkl\_gghf beb
fgh‘_kl\_gghf qbke_. Ihgylb_ h
1, 2, 3-f kdehg_gbyo bf_g kms_kl\bl_evguo. Kdehg_gb_
bf_g kms_kl\bl_evguo \ _^bgkl\_gghf b fgh‘_kl\_gghf qbke_.
IZ^_‘. Baf_g_gb_
kms_kl\bl_evguo ih iZ^_‘Zf.
IjZ\hibkZgb_ iZ^_‘guo hdhgqZgbc bfzg kms_kl\bl_evguo
_^bgkl\_ggh]hbfgh‘_kl\_ggh]hqbkeZ.G_kdehgy_fu_bf_gZ
kms_kl\bl_evgu_.
Bfy ijbeZ]Zl_evgh_
: ihgylb_, agZq_gb_ \ j_qb. Hij_^_e_gb_ jh^Z, qbkeZ b iZ^_‘Z
bf_gb ijbeZ]Zl_evgh]h ih
jh^m, qbkem b iZ^_‘m bf_gb kms_kl\bl_evgh]h. Kh]eZkh\Zgb_
bf_gb ijbeZ]Zl_evgh]h k kms_kl\bl_evguf \ jh^_, qbke_ b iZ^_‘_. Kijy‘_gb_ bf_g
ijbeZ]Zl_evguo.
IjZ\hibkZgb_ jh^h\uo b iZ^_‘guo hdhgqZgbc bf_g ijbeZ]Zl_evguo\ _^bgkl\_gghf
bfgh‘_kl\_gghf
qbke_.
=eZ]he dZd qZklv j_qb. Baf_g_gb_ ]eZ]heZ ih \j_f_gZf (gZklhys__, ijhr_^r__,
[m^ms__). Baf_g_gb_ ]eZ]heZ ih ebpZf b qbkeZf. IjZ\hibkZgb_ hdhgqZgbc ]eZ]heh\ 2-]h ebpZ
–rv , -rvky . =eZ]heu gZ –ky (-kv). Baf_g_gb_ ]eZ]heh\ \ ijhr_^r_f \j_f_gb ih jh^Zf b
qbkeZf. G_hij_^_e_ggZy nhjfZ ]eZ]heZ. Kijy‘_gb_ ]eZ]heh\. IjZ\hibkZgb_ [_am^Zjguo
ebqguo hdhgqZgbc ]eZ]heh\
I b II kijy‘_gby. IjZ\hibkZgb_ ]eZ]heh\ k
–lvky , -lky .
Ih\_ebl_evgZy nhjfZ ]eZ]heZ. IjZ\hibkZgb_ ]eZ]heh\ ih\_ebl_evghc nhjfu _^bgkl\_ggh]h
bfgh‘_kl\_ggh]hqbkeZ.
IjZ\hibkZgb_qZklbpuG?k
]eZ]heZfb.
F_klhbf_gb_ . Ihgylb_ h f_klhbf_gbb.
AgZq_gb_ f_klhbf_gbc \ j_qb. Ebqgu_
f_klhbf_gby_^bgkl\_ggh]hbfgh‘_kl\_ggh]hqbkeZ.Ebphbqbkehf_klhbf_gbc.
Kdehg_gb_
f_klhbf_gbc.IjZ\hibkZgb_ebqguo
f_klhbf_gbc.
Bfy qbkebl_evgh_ . Ihgylb_ h[ bf_gb qbkebl_evghf. Qbkebl_evgu_ dhebq_kl\_ggu_
bihjy^dh\u_.
IjZ\hibkZgb_ qbkebl_evguo.
GZj_qb_. Ihgylb_hgZj_qbb.
GZj_qby, h[hagZqZxsb_ \j_fy, f_klh , kihkh[
^_ckl\by.
IjZ\hibkZgb_ gZj_qbc.
KbglZdkbk. Keh\hkhq_lZgb_. Ij_^eh‘_gb_. Ijhklu_ b keh‘gu_ ij_^eh‘_gby.
Ih\_kl\h\Zl_evgu_, \hijhkbl_evgu_ b \hkdebpZl_evgu_ ij_^eh‘_gby. AgZdb ij_ibgZgby \
dhgp_ ij_^eh‘_gbc. =eZ\gu_ b \lhjhkl_i_ggu_ qe_gu ij_^eh‘_gby. Ij_^eh‘_gby
jZkijhkljZg_ggu_b g_jZkijhkljZg_ggu_.
MklZgh\e_gb_ihke_^h\Zl_evghklbij_^eh‘_gbc \l_dkl_. K\yav ij_^eh‘_gbc\ l_dkl_
k ihfhsvx jZaebqguo yaudh\uo kj_^kl\ (ebqguo f_klhbf_gbc, gZj_qbc, ih\lhjZ
kms_kl\bl_evgh]h,kbghgbfbq_kdhcaZf_gub
^j.).
H^ghjh^gu_ qe_gu ij_^eh‘_gby. Khxau \ ijhklhf b keh‘ghf ij_^eh‘_gbb, agZdb
ij_ibgZgby i_j_^ khxaZfb. H[jZs_gb_, agZdb ij_ibgZgby ijb h[jZs_gbb. IjyfZy j_qv.
AgZdbij_ibgZgbyijbijyfhc
j_qb.
Keh‘gh_ij_^eh‘_gb_.Keh‘gu_ij_^eh‘_gby[_akhxah\bkkhqbgbl_evgufb
khxaZfbB.
:, GH.KjZ\g_gb_ijhkluoij_^eh‘_gbckh^ghjh^gufbqe_gZfbbkeh‘guoij_^eh‘_gbc.

Keh‘gu_ij_^eh‘_gbykkhxaZfbQLH,QLH;U,IHLHcMQLH,DH=[:,
DHLHJUC.
JZa\blb_j_qb,jZ[hlZk
l_dklhf
L_dkl, ijbagZdb l_dklZ. Hlebqb_ l_dklh\ hl ij_^eh‘_gby. Lbiu l_dklh\: hibkZgb_,
ih\_kl\h\Zgb_,jZkkm‘^_gb_.AZ]heh\hdl_dklZ,ih^[hjaZ]heh\dh\d^Zgghfml_dklm.JZ[hlZk
^_nhjfbjh\Zggufl_dklhf.JZkijhkljZg_gb_
l_dklZ.
Klbeb j_qb (gZ hkgh\_ ijZdlbq_kdhc jZ[hlu k l_dklZfb): jZa]h\hjguc, ^_eh\hc b
om^h‘_kl\_gguc. Hkgh\gu_ ijbagZdb klbe_c j_qb. We_f_glZjguc klbebklbq_kdbc ZgZeba
l_dklh\.
KhklZ\e_gb_ jZkkdZaZ ih k_jbb kx‘_lguo dZjlbg, dZjlbg_, ih hihjguf keh\Zf,
fZl_jbZeZfgZ[ex^_gby,ihij_^eh‘_gghc
l_f_, ih ieZgm.
Baeh‘_gb_l_dklZkhihjhcgZaZjZg__khklZ\e_ggucieZg.Baeh‘_gb_ihdhee_dlb\gh
khklZ\e_gghfm ieZgm.
Khqbg_gb_ l\hjq_kdh]h oZjZdl_jZ ih dZjlbg_, ih ebqguf gZ[ex^_gbyf, k
ijb\e_q_gb_fk\_^_gbcbaijZdlbq_kdhc^_yl_evghklb,
dgb].
>_eh\h_ ibkvfh
:^j_k gZ hldjuld_b dhg\_jl_, iha^jZ\bl_evgZy hldjuldZ, ibkvfh. AZibkdb: ebqgu_b
^_eh\u_. AZf_ldZ \ kl_g]Za_lm, h[ty\e_gb_, aZy\e_gb_, Z\lh[bh]jZnby, Zgd_lZ, ^h\_j_gghklv,
jZkibkdZb ^j.
Ibkvfhkwe_f_glZfbl\hjq_kdhc
^_yl_evghklb.
Ql_gb_bjZa\blb_j_qb(
Ebl_jZlmjgh_ ql_gb_)
Kh^_j‘Zgb_ ql_gby (djm] ql_gby)
. Ijhba\_^_gby mklgh]h gZjh^gh]h l\hjq_kl\Z
(kdZadZ, [uebgZ, ij_^Zgb_, e_]_g^Z). Klbohl\hjgu_ b ijhaZbq_kdb_ ijhba\_^_gby
hl_q_kl\_gguo b aZjm[_‘guo ibkZl_e_c XIX - XXI \\. Dgb]b h ijbdexq_gbyo b iml_r_kl\byo.
Om^h‘_kl\_ggu_ b gZmqgh -ihimeyjgu_ jZkkdZau b hq_jdb. KijZ\hqgZy ebl_jZlmjZ: keh\Zjb,
dgb]b -kijZ\hqgbdb,^_lkdZywgpbdehi_^byb
ij.
Ijbf_jgZy l_fZlbdZ ijhba\_^_gbc
: ijhba\_^_gby h Jh^bg_, ]_jhbq_kdbo ih^\b]Zo
\h bfy Jh^bgu, h[ hlghr_gbb q_eh\_dZ d ijbjh^_, d ‘b\hlguf,
ljm^m, ^jm] ^jm]m; h ‘bagb
^_l_c,bo^jm‘[_blh\Zjbs_kl\_;hgjZ\kl\_ggh
-wlbq_kdboihgylbyo(^h[jh,aeh,q_klv,^he],
kh\_klv,‘bagv,kf_jlv,ijZ\^Z,eh‘vb
l.^.)
@Zgjh\h_ jZaghh[jZab_ : gZjh^gu_ b Z\lhjkdb_ kdZadb, [Zkgb, [uebgu, e_]_g^u,
jZkkdZau,jZkkdZau -hibkZgby, klbohl\hj_gby.
Hjb_glbjh\dZ\ebl_jZlmjh\_^q_kdbo
ihgylbyo :
- ebl_jZlmjgh_ijhba\_^_gb_,nhevdehj,ebl_jZlmjgu_‘Zgju(kdZadZ,[uebgZ,kdZa,
[Zkgy,ihkeh\bpZ,jZkkdZa,klbohl\hj_gb_)Z\lh[bh]jZnby
,
ibkZl_ey.
- ijbkdZadZ,aZqbg,^bZeh], ijhba\_^_gb_.
- ]_jhc (i_jkhgZ‘),
]eZkguc b \lhjhkl_i_gguc ]_jhc, ihjlj_l ]_jhy, i_caZ‘.
- klbohl\hj_gb_,jbnfZ,kljhdZ,
kljhnZ.
- kj_^kl\Z\ujZabl_evghklb(eh]bq_kdZyiZmaZ,l_fi,
jblf).
- we_f_glu dgb]b: i_j_iezl,
h[eh‘dZ,
nhjaZp, lblmevguc ebkl, h]eZ\e_gb_,
ij_^bkeh\b_, ihke_keh\b_.
GZ\ud ql_gby:
ql_gb_ \kemo b ijh k_[y g_[hevrbo ijhba\_^_gbc b p_euo ]eZ\ ba
ijhba\_^_gbc p_eufb keh\Zfb. jh[b.
[hey \_ebqbgu (iheh\bgZ, lj_lv, q_l\_jlv, ^_kylZy, khlZy, lukyqgZy). Ihemq_gb_ ^he_c.

-

-

KjZ\g_gb_ ^he_c.
H[jZah\Zgb_, aZibkv b ql_gb_ h[udgh\_gguo ^jh[_c. Qbkebl_ev b agZf_gZl_ev ^jh[b.
IjZ\bevgu_ b g_ijZ\bevgu_ ^jh[b.
KjZ\g_gb_ ^jh[_c k h^bgZdh\ufb qbkebl_eyfb, k
h^bgZdh\ufb agZf_gZl_eyfb.
Kf_rZggh_ qbkeh. Ihemq_gb_, ql_gb_, aZibkv, kjZ\g_gb_ kf_rZgguo qbk_e.
Hkgh\gh_ k\hckl\h h[udgh\_gguo ^jh[_c. Ij_h[jZah\Zgby h[udgh\_gguo ^jh[_c
(e_]db_ kemqZb): aZf_gZ f_edbo ^he_c [he__ djmigufb (khdjZs_gb_), g_ijZ\bevguo
^jh[_c p_eufb beb kf_rZggufb qbkeZfb, p_euo b kf_rZgguo qbk_e g_ijZ\bevgufb
^jh[yfb. Ijb\_^_gb_ h[udgh\_gguo ^jh[_c d h[s_fm agZf_gZl_ex (e_]db_ kemqZb).
KjZ\g_gb_^jh[_ckjZagufbqbkebl_eyfbb
agZf_gZl_eyfb.
Keh‘_gb_ b \uqblZgb_ h[udgh\_gguo ^jh[_c k h^bgZdh\ufb agZf_gZl_eyfb.
GZoh‘^_gb_h^ghcbebg_kdhevdboqZkl_c
qbkeZ.
[_kylbqgZy^jh[v.Ql_gb_,aZibkv^_kylbqguo
^jh[_c.
H?GB?(
V-VI
deZkku)
Ihykgbl_evgZy aZibkdZ
Dmjk «Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_»
klZ\bl k\h_c p_evx jZkrbjblv djm]hahj b ih^]hlh\blv
mqZsbokydmk\h_gbxkbkl_fZlbq_kdbo[bheh]bq_kdbob
]_h]jZnbq_kdbo
agZgbc.Hkgh\gufbaZ^ZqZfbdmjkZ
«Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_»y\eyxlky:
— nhjfbjh\Zgb_ we_f_glZjguo gZmqguoagZgbc h ‘b\hc b g_‘b\hc ijbjh^_;
— ^_fhgkljZpby l_kghc \aZbfhk\yab f_‘^m ‘b\hc b g_‘b\hc ijbjh^hc;
— nhjfbjh\Zgb_ki_pbZevguobh[s_mq_[guomf_gbcb
gZ\udh\;
— \hkiblZgb_ [_j_‘gh]h hlghr_gby d ijbjh^_, __ j_kmjkZf, agZdhfkl\h k
hkgh\gufbgZijZ\e_gbyfbijbjh^hhojZgbl_evghc
jZ[hlu;
— \hkiblZgb_khpbZevghagZqbfuodZq_kl\
ebqghklb.
< ijhp_kk_ bamq_gby ijbjh^h\_^q_kdh]h fZl_jbZeZ m mqZsboky jZa\b\Z_lky
gZ[ex^Zl_evghklv, iZfylv, \hh[jZ‘_gb_, j_qv b, ]eZ\gh_, eh]bq_kdh_ fure_gb_, mf_gb_
ZgZebabjh\Zlv, h[h[sZlv, deZkkbnbpbjh\Zlv, mklZgZ\eb\Zlv ijbqbggh
-ke_^kl\_ggu_ k\yab
baZ\bkbfhklb.
I_j\u_ ijbjh^h\_^q_kdb_ agZgby mfkl\_ggh hlklZeu_ ^_lb ihemqZxl \ ^hrdhevghf
\hajZkl_ b \ feZ^rbo deZkkZo. Ijb agZdhfkl\_ k hdjm‘Zxsbf
fbjhf
m mq_gbdh\
ki_pbZevghc dhjj_dpbhgghc rdheu nhjfbjmxlky i_j\hgZqZevgu_ agZgby h ijbjh^_: hgb

bamqZxl k_ahggu_ baf_g_gby \ ijbjh^_, agZdhfylky k \j_f_gZfb ]h^Z, bo ijbagZdZfb,
gZ[ex^Zxl aZ y\e_gbyfb ijbjh^u, k_ahggufbbaf_g_gbyfb \ ‘bagb jZkl_gbc b ‘b\hlguo,
ihemqZxlwe_f_glZjgu_k\_^_gbyh[hojZg_a^hjh\vy
q_eh\_dZ.
Dmjk «Ijbjh^h\_^_gb_» g_ lhevdh h[h[sZ_l agZgby h ijbjh^_, hkms_kl\ey_l
i_j_oh^ hl i_j\hgZqZevguo ij_^klZ\e_gbc, ihemq_gguo \ ^hihegbl_evghf i_j\hf (
I1)
deZkk_I— IV deZkkZo,
dkbkl_fZlbq_kdbfagZgbyfih]_h]jZnbbb_kl_kl\hagZgbx,ghbh^gh\j_f_ggh
kem‘blhkgh\hc^ey gbo.
Ijh]jZffZihijbjh^h\_^_gbxkhklhblbar_klb
jZa^_eh\:
«_j_\vy.
[_j_\vy ebkl\_ggu_ (^bdhjZklmsb_ b dmevlmjgu_, k_ahggu_ baf_g_gby, \g_rgbc \b^, f_klZ
ijhbajZklZgby).
[_j_\vyo\hcgu_(k_ahggu_baf_g_gby,\g_rgbc\b^,f_klZijhbajZklZgby).
DmklZjgbdb (^bdhjZklmsb_bdmevlmjgu_,k_ahggu_baf_g_gby,\g_rgbc\b^,
f_klZ
ijhbajZklZgby).
LjZ\u (^bdhjZklmsb_bdmevlmjgu_)_dhjZlb\gu_jZkl_gby ._fhgkljZpbyhiulZ
h[jZah\Zgb_djZofZeZ\ebklvyojZkl_gbcgZk\_lm.
EZ[hjZlhjgu_jZ[hlu
ihl_f_:hj]Zgup\_ldh\h]hjZkl_gby.Kljh_gb_
p\_ldZ.
Kljh_gb_ k_f_gb.
IjZdlbq_kdb_jZ[hlu
. H[jZah\Zgb_ijb^Zlhqguodhjg_c(q_j_gdh\Zgb_kl_[ey,
ebklh\h_^_e_gb_)Hij_^_e_gb_
.
\koh‘_klb
k_fyg.
JZkl_gby e_kZ
G_dhlhju_[bheh]bq_kdb_hkh[_gghklb
e_kZ.
Ebkl\_ggu_^_j_\vy :[_j_aZ, ^m[, ebiZ,hkbgZbeb^jm]b_f_klgu_
ihjh^u.
O\hcgu_^_j_\vy :_ev,khkgZbeb^jm]b_ihjh^u ^_j_\v_\,oZjZdl_jgu_^ey ^Zggh]hdjZy.
Hkh[_gghklb \g_rg_]h kljh_gby ^_j_\v_\. KjZ\gbl_evgZy oZjZdl_jbklbdZ. \me_lgb_ jZkl_gby: fZev\Z (Zgxlbgu ]eZadb, fZj]Zjbldb).
Hkh[_gghklb \g_rg_]hkljh_gby.
Hkh[_gghklb \ujZsb\Zgby. JZaebqb_ \ kihkh[Zo \ujZsb\Zgby h^ghe_lgbo b ^\me_lgbo
p\_lhqguojZkl_gbc.JZaf_s_gb_\
p\_lgbd_.
Fgh]he_lgb_jZkl_gby:
nehdkuibhgu,
(
]_hj]bgu).
Hkh[_gghklb \g_rg_]h kljh_gby. \me_lgb_h\hsgu_jZkl_gby:
fhjdh\v,k\_deZ,dZimklZ,
i_ljmrdZ.
Fgh]he_lgb_h\hsgu_jZkl_gby:
emd.
Hkh[_gghklb \g_rg_]h kljh_gby wlbo jZkl_gbc, [bheh]bq_kdb_ hkh[_gghklb \ujZsb\Zgby.
JZa\blb_jZkl_gbc hl k_f_gb
^h k_f_gb.h‘^_\hc q_j\v.
_fhgkljZpby ‘b\h]hh[t_dlZbeb\eZ‘gh]h
ij_iZjZlZ.
GZk_dhfu_.Fgh]hh[jZab_ gZk_dhfuo(klj_dhau,lZjZdZgub^j..)JZaebqb_ih
\g_rg_fm
\b^m,f_klZfh[blZgby,
iblZgbx.
;Z[hqdb. Hlebqbl_evgu_ ijbagZdb.
JZafgh‘_gb_ b jZa\blb_ (ycpZ, ]mk_gbpZ, dmdhedZ).
OZjZdl_jbklbdZ gZ ijbf_j_ h^ghc ba [Z[hq_d. IZ\ebgbc ]eZa, ljZmjgbpZ, Z^fbjZe b ^j.
Bo
agZq_gb_. Y[ehggZyieh^h‘hjdZ,[Z[hqdZ
-dZimklgbpZ.GZghkbfuc\j_^.c_ju
[hjv[u.
Lmlh\ucr_edhijy^.
_fhgkljZpby
‘b\uo
gZk_dhfuo,
dhee_dpbc
gZk_dhfuo
— \j_^bl_e_c
k_evkdhohayckl\_gguojZkl_gbc,ihdZa
\b^_hnbevfh\.
IjZdlbq_kdZyjZ[hlZ.
AZjbkh\dZgZk_dhfuo\ l_ljZ^yo.
Wdkdmjkby\ijbjh^m^eygZ[ex^_gbyaZ
gZk_dhfufb.
Iha\hghqgu_ ‘b\hlgu_
H[sb_ ijbagZdb iha\hghqguo ‘b\hlguo. GZebqb_ iha\hghqgbdZ b \gmlj_gg_]h
kd_e_lZ.
DeZkkbnbdZpby ‘b\hlguo: ju[u, a_fgh\h^gu_, ij_kfudZxsb_ky, ilbpu,
fe_dhiblZxsb_.
Ju[u
H[sb_ijbagZdbju[.Kj_^Z
h[blZgby.
J_qgu_ju[u
(ij_kgh\h^gu_)hdmgv,
:
smdZ,
dZji.

Fhjkdb_ju[u:
lj_kdZ,k_ev^vbeb^jm]b_,h[blZxsb_\^Zgghc
f_klghklb.
hfZrgbcZd\Zjbmf.
_fhgkljZpby ‘b\uoju[bgZ[ex^_gb_aZ
gbfb.
Wdkdmjkbyd\h^h_fm^eygZ[ex^_gbcaZju[ghceh\e_c\( aZ\bkbfhklbhlf_klguo
mkeh\bc).
A_fgh\h^gu_
H[sb_ijbagZdb a_fgh\h^guo.
Ey]mrdZ. c_klhh[blZgby,h[jZa‘bagb._fhgkljZpby ‘b\hcey]mrdbbeb\eZ‘gh]h
ij_iZjZlZ.
IjZdlbq_kdb_jZ[hlu.
AZjbkh\dZ\l_ljZ^yo.Q_jq_gb_lZ[ebpu(koh^kl\h
b
jZaebqb_).
Ij_kfudZxsb_ky
H[sb_ijbagZdbij_kfudZxsboky._fhgkljZpby ‘b\hcq_j_iZobbeb\eZ‘guoij_iZjZlh\af_c.IhdZadbgh
-b
\b^_hnbevfh\.
IjZdlbq_kdb_jZ[hlu.
AZjbkh\db\l_ljZ^yo.Q_jq_gb_
lZ[ebpu.
Ilbpu
>bdb_ilbpu . H[sZyoZjZdl_jbklbdZilbp:
gZebqb_ djuev_\, imoZbi_jv_\gZl_e_.
Hkh[_gghklbjZafgh‘_gby:deZ^dZybpb\u\_^_gb_
il_gph\.
cgh]hh[jZab_ ilbp, kj_^Z h[blZgby, h[jZa ‘bagb, iblZgb_, ijbkihkh[e_gb_ d kj_^_ h[blZgby.
Ilbpui_j_e_lgu_bg_i_j_e_lgu_abfmxsb_,
(
hk_^eu_).
Ilbpue_kZ:
[hevrhci_kljuc^yl_e,
kbgbpZ.
Obsgu_ilbpu:
kh\Z, hj_e.
Ilbpu,dhjfysb_ky\\ha^mo_:
eZklhqdZ, kljb‘.
hfZrgb_ ilbpu.
DmjbpZ, ]mkv, mldZ, bg^xrdZ. Hkh[_gghklb \g_rg_]h kljh_gby, iblZgby,
jZafgh‘_gby b jZa\blby. Kljh_gb_ ycpZ (gZ ijbf_j_ dmjbgh]h). Moh^ aZ^hfZrgbfb ilbpZfb.
Kh^_j‘Zgb_,dhjfe_gb_,jZa\_^_gb_.AgZq_gb_
ilbp_\h^kl\Z.

>_fhgkljZpby kd_e_lZdmjbpu,qmq_eilbp.Ijhkemrb\Zgb_]hehkh\ilbp.IhdZa
\b^_hnbevfh\.
Wdkdmjkbykp_evxgZ[ex^_gbyaZih\_^_gb_filbp\ijbjh^_(bebwdkdmjkbygZ
ilbp_n_jfm).
IjZdlbq_kdb_ jZ[hlu. Ih^dhjfdZ abfmxsbo ilbp. GZ[ex^_gb_ b moh^aZilbpZfb \
‘b\hf m]hed_.
Fe_dhiblZxsb_
‘b\hlgu_
H[sb_ k\_^_gby. JZaghh[jZab_ fe_dhiblZxsbo ‘b\hlguo.H[sb_
ijbagZdb fe_dhiblZxsbo
(jh‘^_gb_‘b\uo^_l_gur_cb\kdZjfeb\Zgb_bo
fhehdhf).
DeZkkbnbdZpby fe_dhiblZxsbo ‘b\hlguo: ^bdb_ (]juamgu, aZcp_h[jZagu_, obsgu_,
imrgu_bfhjkdb_a\_jb,ijbfZlu)b
k_evkdhohayckl\_ggu_.
>bdb_fe_dhiblZxsb_
‘b\hlgu_
=juamgu. H[sb_ ijbagZdb ]juamgh\: \g_rgbc \b^, kj_^Z h[blZgby, h[jZa ‘bagb, iblZgb_,
jZafgh‘_gb_.
curv (ihe_\Zy b k_jZy ihe_\dZ), [_edZ, kmkebd, [h[j. Hlebqbl_evgu_ hkh[_gghklb dZ‘^h]h
‘b\hlgh]h. AgZq_gb_ ]juamgh\ \ ijbjh^_ b ohayckl\_gghc ^_yl_evghklb q_eh\_dZ. IhevaZ b
\j_^,ijbghkbfu_]juamgZfb.HojZgZ[_ehdb
[h[jh\.
AZcp_h[jZagu_. H[sb_ ijbagZdb: \g_rgbc \b^, kj_^Z h[blZgby, h[jZa ‘bagb, iblZgb_,
agZq_gb_\ijbjh^_aZyp
(
-jmkZd, aZyp-[_eyd).
Obsgu_ a\_jb. H[sb_ ijbagZdb obsguo a\_j_c. _fhgkljZpby \b^_hnbevfh\ h ‘bagb fe_dhiblZxsbo ‘b\hlguo.
Wdkdmjkby\ahhiZjd,djZ_\_^q_kdbcfma_c(^_evnbgZjbc,fhjkdhc
Zd\Zjbmf). IjZdlbq_kdb_jZ[hlu.
AZjbkh\db\l_ljZ^yo.B]ju
(ahheh]bq_kdh_ehlhb ^j..)
K_evkdhohayckl\_ggu_ ‘b\hlgu_
Djhebd. _fhgkljZpby \b^_hnbevfh\(^ey]hjh^kdbo
rdhe).
WdkdmjkbygZn_jfm:mqZklb_\jZa^Zq_dhjfh\,m[hjd_ihf_s_gby(^ey
k_evkdbo
rdhe).
>hfZrgb_ iblhfpu
Kh[Zdb. Hkh[_gghklb \g_rg_]h \b^Z. Ihjh^u. Kh^_j‘Zgb_ b moh^. KZgblZjgh -]b]b_gbq_kdb_
lj_[h\Zgby d bo kh^_j‘Zgbx. AZ[he_\Zgby b hdZaZgb_i_j\hc ihfhsb ‘b\hlguf.
Dhrdb. Hkh[_gghklb\g_rg_]h\b^Z.Ihjh^u.Kh^_j‘Zgb_bmoh^.KZgblZjgh
-]b]b_gbq_kdb_
lj_[h\Zgby.AZ[he_\ZgbybhdZaZgb_bfi_j\hc
ihfhsb.
@b\hlgu_\‘b\hfm]hed_
(ohfydb,q_j_iZob,[_eu_furb,[_edbb^j.)H[jZa
.
‘bagb.
Moh^.Dhjfe_gb_.M[hjdZbo
‘bebsZ.
Q?EH_fhgkljZpby ijbf_jh\ i_j\hc ^h\jZq_[ghc ihfhsb ijb djh\hl_q_gbb.
>uoZgb_
AgZq_gb_^uoZgby^eyjZkl_gbc,‘b\hlguo,
q_eh\_dZ.
Hj]Zgu^uoZgbyq_eh\_dZ :ghkh\Zybjhlh\Zyihehklb,]hjlZgv,ljZo_y,[jhgob,e_]db_.
KhklZ\\^uoZ_fh]hb\u^uoZ_fh]h\ha^moZ.=Zahh[f_g\e_]dbob
ldZgyo.
=b]b_gZ ^uoZgby . G_h[oh^bfhklv qbklh]h \ha^moZ ^ey ^uoZgby. I_j_^ZqZ [he_ag_c
q_j_a \ha^mo (iuev, dZr_ev, qboZgb_). ;he_agb hj]Zgh\ ^uoZgby b bo ij_^mij_‘^_gb_ (HJA,
]Zcfhjbl,lhgabeebl,[jhgobl,lm[_jdme_ab
^j.).
_fhgkljZpbyhiulZ.
H[gZjm‘_gb_\khklZ\_\u^uoZ_fh]h\ha^moZm]e_dbkeh]h
]ZaZ. >_fhgkljZpby^h\jZq_[ghcihfhsb
ijbgZjmr_gbb^uoZgbybkdmkkl\_ggh_
(
^uoZgb_,
dbkehjh^gZyih^mrdZbl.
i..)
IblZgb_b ibs_\Zj_gb_
Hkh[_gghklbiblZgbyjZkl_gbc,‘b\hlguo,
q_eh\_dZ.
AgZq_gb_iblZgby ^ey q_eh\_dZ. IbsZ jZklbl_evgZy b ‘b\hlgZy. KhklZ\ ibsb: [_edb,
‘bju, m]e_\h^u, \h^Z, fbg_jZevgu_ kheb. h\jZq_[gZyihfhsv
ijbgZjmr_gbyo ibs_\Zj_gby.
>_fhgkljZpby hiulh\.
H[gZjm‘_gb_ djZofZeZ \ oe_[_, dZjlhn_e_. [_ckl\b_ kexgu
gZ djZofZe.
>_fhgkljZpby ijZ\bevgh]hih\_^_gby
aZklhehf\h\j_fyijb_fZibsb,mf_gby_klv
djZkb\h.
_fhgkljZpby fh^_eb]heh\gh]h fha]Z.
Hj]Zgu qm\kl\
AgZq_gb_hj]Zgh\qm\kl\m‘b\hlguob
q_eh\_dZ.
Hj]Zgaj_gbyq_eh\_dZ Kljh_gb_,
.
nmgdpbbbagZq_gb_.;he_agbhj]Zgh\aj_gby,bo
ijhnbeZdlbdZ.=b]b_gZaj_gby.I_j\Zyihfhsvijbih\j_‘^_gbb
]eZa.
Hj]Zg kemoZq_eh\_dZ. Kljh_gb_ b agZq_gb_. AZ[he_\Zgby hj]ZgZ kemoZ,
ij_^mij_‘^_gb_gZjmr_gbc
kemoZ. =b]b_gZ.
Hj]ZguhkyaZgby,h[hgygby,\dmkZ (kebabklZyh[hehqdZyaudZbihehklbghkZ,dh‘gZy
qm\kl\bl_evghklv:[he_\Zy,l_fi_jZlmjgZyblZdlbevgZy)JZkiheh‘_gb_
.
bagZq_gb_wlbo
hj]Zgh\.
HojZgZ \k_ohj]Zgh\ qm\kl\.
>_fhgkljZpby fmey‘_c]eZaZb moZ.
=?H=J:NBY
Ihykgbl_evgZy aZibkdZ
=_h]jZnby — mq_[gucij_^f_l,kbgl_abjmxsbcfgh]b_dhfihg_glu
h[s_kl\_ggh - gZmqgh]h
—
_kl_kl\_ggh -gZmqgh]h agZgby. hdmf_glu,ih^l\_j‘^Zxsb_g_ljm^hkihkh[ghklv:
kijZ\dZbebklhd
g_ljm^hkihkh[ghklb.
@bebs_
H[s__ij_^klZ\e_gb_h^hf_.
Lbiu‘beuoihf_s_gbc\]hjh^_bk_evkdhc
f_klghklb.
hfZrgb_ ‘b\hlgu_
. Kh^_j‘Zgb_ ‘b\hlguo (kh[Zd, dhr_d, ilbp) \ ]hjh^kdhc
d\Zjlbj_: dhjfe_gb_, \u]me, moh^ aZ \g_rgbf \b^hf b a^hjh\v_f ^hfZrg_]h iblhfpZ.
[hfZrgb_‘b\hlgu_bilbpu\k_evkdhcf_klghklb:\b^u^hfZrgbo‘b\hlguo,hkh[_gghklb
kh^_j‘Zgby b moh^. GZb[he__ jZkijhkljZg_ggu_ [he_agb g_dhlhjuo ‘b\hlguo. <_l_jbgZjgZy
kem‘[Z.
IeZgbjh\dZ ‘bebsZ
. hfZrgb_ aZ]hlh\db.
_g_‘gu_i_j_\h^u.
j_\g_]h
fbjZ
<_jkbb hihy\e_gbbq_eh\_dZgZA_fe_(gZmqgu_,j_eb]bhagu_).Hlebqb_q_eh\_dZ
hl ‘b\hlgh]h.
?J@:GB?H;MQ?GBY

BG<:JB:GLGU?FH>MEB
Fh^mev«Ijhba\h^kl\hbl_ogheh]by»
5deZkk
L_ogheh]bb\hdjm]gZk.cZl_jbZevgucfbjbihlj_[ghklbq_eh\_dZ.
Ljm^h\Zy^_yl_evghklvq_eh\_dZbkha^Zgb_\_s_cba^_ebc)
(
.
cZl_jbZevgu_l_ogheh]bb.L_ogheh]bq_kdbcijhp_kk.
Ijhba\h^kl\h b l_ogbdZ. Jhev l_ogbdb \ ijhba\h^kl\_gghc ^_yl_evghklb q_eh\_dZ.
DeZkkbnbdZpbyl_ogbdb.
Ijh_dlu b j_kmjku \ ijhba\h^kl\_gghc ^_yl_evghklb q_eh\_dZ. Ijh_dl dZd nhjfZ
hj]ZgbaZpbb ^_yl_evghklb. MEB
Fh^mev«:\lhfZlbabjh\Zggu_kbkl_fu».
8–9deZkku.
.
<\_^_gb_\Z\lhfZlbabjh\Zggu_kbkl_fu
Hij_^_e_gb_ Z\lhfZlbaZpbb, h[sb_ ijbgpbiu mijZ\e_gby l_ogheh]bq_kdbf
ijhp_kkhf. :\lhfZlbabjh\Zggu_ kbkl_fu, bkihevam_fu_ gZ ijhfure_gguo
ij_^ijbylbyoj_]bhgZ.
MijZ\eyxsb_ b mijZ\ey_fu_ kbkl_fu. Ihgylb_ h[jZlghc k\yab, hrb[dZ
j_]mebjh\Zgby,dhjj_dlbjmxsb_mkljhckl\Z.

F?L:«LJM>
(L?OGHEH=BY)»G:MJH?E?GB?Q:KH:FH;MQ?GBY
Ijh]jZffZ ih ij_^f_lm «Ljm^ (l_ogheh]by)» khklZ\e_gZ gZ hkgh\_ fh^mevgh]h
ijbgpbiZihkljh_gbymq_[gh]hfZl_jbZeZb^himkdZ_l \ZjbZlb\gucih^oh^dhq_jz^ghklb
bamq_gby fh^me_c, ijbgpbiZf dhfihgh\db mq_[guo l_f, nhjf b f_lh^h\ hk\h_gby
kh^_j‘Zgby.
Ihjy^hd bamq_gby fh^me_c fh‘_l [ulv baf_gzg. bklZgpbhggh_mijZ\e_gb_jh[hlZfb».
bklZgpbhggh_mijZ\e_gb_jh[hlZfb».
HKLB@?GBYIE:GBJM?FUOJ?AMEVL:LHF?L:
[ey mki_rgh]h hk\h_gby mq_[gh]h ij_^f_lZ «
Ljm^ (l_ogheh]by) » h[mqZxsbfbky k J:K
g_h[oh^bfh gZebqb_ ki_pbZevguo mkeh\bc, \ lhf qbke_ dZ^jh\uo, fZl_jbZevgh
l_ogbq_kdbobmq_[gh -f_lh^bq_kdbo;
[ey h[mqZxsboky k\ujZ‘_ggufb dhffmgbdZlb\gufb b ih\_^_gq_kdbfb gZjmr_gbyfb \
ihfhsvmqbl_exg_h[oh^bfhgZagZqblvZkkbkl_glZ(ihfhsgbdZ)beblvxlhjZ;
AZgylby ih mq_[ghfm ij_^f_lm g_h[oh^bfh ijh\h^blv gZ [Za_ ki_pbZevgh h[hjm^h\Zgguo
fZkl_jkdbo b dZ[bg_lh\, hkgZs_gguo \bamZevgufb ieZgZfb b jZkibkZgbyfb k mq_lhf
hkh[uoh[jZah\Zl_evguoihlj_[ghkl_ch[mqZxsbokykJ:K;
[ey h[_ki_q_gby hjb_glbjh\db \ a^Zgbb \ bgl_jv_jZo ^he‘gZ ijbkmlkl\h\Zlv kbkl_fZ
\bamZevghc ih^^_j‘db \ \b^_ h[hagZq_gb_ nmgdpbhgZevguo ahg (keh\_kgh]h beb k
ihfhsvxibdlh]jZff),mdZaZl_e_c,ko_fi_j_^\b‘_gby;
[he‘gZ [ulv h[_ki_q_gZ ebqgZy b ih‘ZjgZy [_ahiZkghklv ijb jZ[hl_ h[mqZxsboky k J:K
k l_ieh\ufb ijb[hjZfb b dmohggufb ieblZfb, bgkljmf_glZfb b l.^. ?GBY»
Ebqghklgu_ j_amevlZlu:
mf_xlkhhlghkblvihklmidbbkh[ulbykijbgylufbwlbq_kdbfbijbgpbiZfbb
fhjZevgufb ghjfZfb;
hjb_glbjmxlky \khpbZevguo jheyo b f_‘ebqghklguo hlghr_gbyo;
gZdhie_gb_hiulZkhpbZevgh]h ih\_^_gby;
hk\h_gghklv hkgh\guokhpbZevguoghjf,ijZ\be ih\_^_gby,jhe_cbnhjf
khpbZevghc
‘bagb\ rdhe_;
hkhagZgb_agZq_gbyk_fvb\‘bagbq_eh\_dZb
h[s_kl\Z;
]hlh\ghklv\_klb^bZeh]k^jm]bfb
ex^vfb;
]hlh\ghklvbkihkh[ghklvd^Zevg_cr_fmh[mq_gbx\
rdhe_;
mqZkl\m_l \ h[s_kl\_gghc ‘bagb \ ij_^_eZo \hajZklguo dhfi_l_gpbc b
ikboheh]bq_kdbo hkh[_gghkl_c b knhjfbjh\Zgghklb ‘bag_gghc dhfi_l_gpbb h[mqZxsboky k
J:K,bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv;
mf_xl kh[ex^Zlv khpbZevgu_ ijZ\beZ ih\_^_gby \ kblmZpbb njmkljZpbb;
mf_xl ihgbfZlv b aZy\eylv h k\hbo ljm^ghklyo, hp_gb\Zlv k\hb kh[kl\_ggu_ kbeu b
ijbg_h[oh^bfhklbihijhkblvh
ihfhsb;
mf_xlijbgbfZlvbhdZau\Zlv
ihfhsv;
mf_xl ihgbfZlv kh[kl\_ggh_ wfhpbhgZevgh_ khklhygb_ (mklZehklb, qm\kl\Z jZ^hklb,
i_qZeb, kljZoZ, ]g_\Z b ^j.) b ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb khh[sZlv h[ wlhf khpbZevgh ijb_fe_fuf
kihkh[hf;
mf_xl kijZ\blvky kh k\hbfb g_]Zlb\gufb wfhpbyfb, agZlv b bkihevah\Zlv kihkh[u
ij_h^he_gby k\hbo wfhpbhgZevguo khklhygbc, \ lhf qbke_ ijhklu_ ijb_fu kZfhj_]meypbb;
jZa\blb_ djblbq_kdh]h fure_gby b mf_gbc ijhlb\hklhylv fZgbimeypbyf, \h\e_q_gbx
\ZkhpbZevgu_]jmiiu ih^jhkldh\
mf_gb_ bkihevah\Zlv bf_xsb_ky khpbZevgh
-[ulh\u_ gZ\udb k mq_lhf dhgdj_lghc
kblmZpbb.
F_lZij_^f_lgu_
j_amevlZlu:
mf_xl bkihevah\Zlv ihemq_ggu_ agZgby ^ey [_ahiZkgh]h \aZbfh^_ckl\by k
hdjm‘Zxs_ckj_^hcb^eyjZa\blbybmkeh‘g_gbydZjlbgu
fbjZ;
mf_xlhkfukeb\Zlvbhp_gb\Zlvk\hc‘bag_gguchiulbbkihevah\Zlv
_]h \
hj]ZgbaZpbbkh[kl\_ggh]h ih\_^_gby;
mf_xli_j_ghkblvihemq_ggu_agZgby\gh\mx
kblmZpbx;

mf_xlijZ\bevghhij_^_eylvk\hxkhpbZevgmxjhev\h[s_gbb;
agZxlb mf_xl ijbf_gylvgZijZdlbd_ijZ\beZebqghc
[_ahiZkghklb;
hkhagZgghbijhba\hevghkljhyl j_q_\u_\ukdZau\Zgby\ mklghcb ibkvf_gghcnhjf_;
mf_xlkemrZlvb\klmiZlv\^bZeh],mqZkl\h\Zlv\dhee_dlb\ghfh[km‘^_gbbijh[e_f;
mqblu\Zxl
ihabpbb
b
fg_gby
ex^_c,iZjlg_jZihh[s_gbxbeb^_yl_evghklb,\lhfqbke_,\
mq_[ghc^_yl_evghklb;
mf_xlbgl_]jbjh\Zlvky\]jmiimk\_jklgbdh\bkljhblvijh^mdlb\gh_\aZbfh^_ckl\b_
b khljm^gbq_kl\h kh k\_jklgbdZfb b \ajhkeufb; ba\e_dZxl g_h[oh^bfmx bgnhjfZpbx ba
ijhkemrZgguo l_dklh\ jZaebqguo ‘Zgjh\, hij_^_eyxl hkgh\gmx b \lhjhkl_i_ggmx
bgnhjfZpbx.
mf_xl bkihevah\Zlv gZ\udb \_j[Zevghc b g_\_j[Zevghc dhffmgbdZpbb ^ey
hj]ZgbaZpbbZ^_d\Zlgh]hkhpbZevgh]hih\_^_gby\k_fv_,\rdhe_,\
h[s_kl\_;
mf_xl ijbf_gylv h[s_ijbgylu_ ijZ\beZ khpbZevgh]h \aZbfh^_ckl\by k mq_lhf
dhgdj_lguoh[klhyl_evkl\kblmZpbb
h[s_gby;
mf_xl ijZ\bevgh hij_^_eylv ijhkljZgkl\_ggmx b ikboheh]bq_kdmx ^bklZgpbx \
h[s_gbb;
mf_xl mijZ\eylv k\hbf wfhpbhgZevguf khklhygb_f \ ijhp_kk_ khpbZevgh]h
\aZbfh^_ckl\by;
mf_xl kljhblv k\h_ ih\_^_gb_, hibjZykv gZ g_h[oh^bfu_ agZgby b ij_^klZ\e_gby h
^jm]bo ex^yo;
mf_xl khhlghkblv k\hb ‘_eZgby,klj_fe_gby
k bgl_j_kZfb ^jm]bo ex^_c;
mf_xl mqblu\Zlv \ujZ‘_gb_ ebpZ, bglhgZpbb, ‘_klu kh[_k_^gbdZ \ hj]ZgbaZpbb
k\h_]hih\_^_gby.

^jm]bo

KH>?J@:GB?
DHJJ?DPBHGGH=H
DMJK:
«J:A?GBY»
1 jZa^_e.qZk.
(16
Wfhpbb
)
b
qm\kl\Z.
AZgylby gZijZ\e_gu gZ jZa\blb_ gZ\udh\ kZfhh[eZ^Zgby b kZfhZgZebaZ; \gbfZgby d
kZfhfm k_[_, k\hbf ‘_eZgbyf b i_j_‘b\Zgbyf. MqZsb_ky k J:K, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv, agZdhfylky k wfhpbyfb q_eh\_dZ,
mqZlky hihagZ\Zlv k\hb wfhpbb, ihgbfZlv
ijbqbgu, \ua\Z\rb_ ^Zggmx wfhpbx. odhevgbdb k J:K, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv,
mqZlky aZf_qZlv b ihgbfZlv wfhpbhgZevgu_ j_Zdpbb hdjm‘Zxsbo, bg^b\b^mZevgu_
hkh[_gghklb^jm]bo ex^_c.
M gbo jZa\b\Z_lky mf_gb_ Z^_d\Zlgh \ujZ‘Zlv k\hb wfhpbb, ih^^_j‘b\Zlv
dhffmgbdZpbx b dhgljhebjh\Zlv k\h_ wfhpbhgZevgh_ khklhygb_ \ kblmZpbyo klj_kkZ,
ba-aZ
baf_g_gbyijb\uqghckj_^ub
hdjm‘_gby.
< oh^_ aZgylbc ij_^iheZ]Z_lky jZa\blb_ [Zah\uo mf_gbc b gZ\udh\ j_ne_dkbb.
2 jZa^_e.qZk.
(16
Y
) b
^jm]b_.
JZa^_e \dexqZ_l aZgylby, gZijZ\e_ggu_ gZ hkhagZgb_k\h_]h f_klZ \ k_fv_ b ihgbfZgb_
\gmljbk_f_cguo hlghr_gbc. odhevgbdb k J:K jZa\b\Zxl k\hb khpbZevgu_ wfhpbb b gZ\udb
kh\f_klghc ^_yl_evghklb, ihemqZxl hiul i_j_‘b\Zgby qm\kl\Z h[sghklb. MijZ‘g_gby b
aZ^Zgby, \dexq_ggu_ \ ^Zgguc jZa^_e, ihfh]Zxl rdhevgbdZf k J:K knhjfbjh\Zlv
\gbfZl_evgu_ hlghr_gby
^jm] d ^jm]m, i_j_‘blv hiul khpbZevgh]h ^h\_jby. OH>UDHP?GB<:GBX
IE:GBJM?FUO
J?AMEVL:LH?GBY»
[bZ]ghklbq_kdb_ f_jhijbylby ijb j_ZebaZpbb dhjj_dpbhggh]h dmjkZ\dexqZxl \ k_[y
klZjlh\mx ^bZ]ghklbdm (\oh^gh_ hp_gb\Zgb_), l_dmsmx b ijhf_‘mlhqgmx ^bZ]ghklbdm.
Ijb hp_gb\Zgbb _]h ^hklb‘_gby mqZsbfky ebqghklguo, f_lZij_^f_lguo b
ij_^f_lguo j_amevlZlh\ fh‘gh hjb_glbjh\Zlvky gZ knhjfbjh\Zgghklv m rdhevgbdZ k J:K,
bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmxhlklZehklv,ke_^mxsbo
kihkh[ghkl_c:
^_gbljZpbb , lh _klv kihkh[ghklb mqblu\Zlv \ k\h_c ^_yl_evghklb ^_ckl\by iZjlg_jZ,
ihgbfZlv b mqblu\Zlv _]h wfhpbhgZevgh_ khklhygb_, ihgbfZlv hlghkbl_evghklv kh[kl\_ggh]h
fg_gby;
bgbpbZlb\ghklb , lh _klv kihkh[ghklb ihemqZlv g_^hklZxsmx bgnhjfZpbx k
ihfhsvx \hijhkh\, ]hlh\ghklb ij_^eh‘blv iZjlg_jm ieZg h[sbo ^_ckl\bc;
kihkh[ghklb bgl_ee_dlmZebabjh\Zlv dhgnebdl
, mf_gb_ jZaj_rZlv dhgnebdl,
ijhy\eyykZfhdjblbqghklvb^h[jh‘_eZl_evghklv\hp_gd_
iZjlg_jZ.
[ey ex[h]h j_[_gdZ k J:K, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv, jZa\blb_ ^Zgguo
kihkh[ghkl_c \uau\Z_l agZqbl_evgu_ ljm^ghklb b g_ \k_]^Z \ iheghc f_j_ ^hklb‘bfh \
rdhevghf \hajZkl_. L_f g_ f_g__, m [hevrbgkl\Z ^_l_c \hafh‘gh nhjfbjh\Zgb_ [Zah\uo
gZ\udh\mq_[gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z.

[ey hp_gb\Zgby j_amevlZlh\ h[mq_gby ih ijh]jZff_ «JZa\blb_ dhffmgbdZpbb»
aZihegy_lkydZjlZ^bgZfbq_kdh]h gZ[ex^_gby.
KI?PB:EVGU?MKEHHJHbZ]ghklbq_kdZyjZ[hlZ \dexqZ_lk_[yke_^mxsb_ khklZ\eyxsb_:
\uy\e_gb_ hkh[uo h[jZah\Zl_evguo ihlj_[ghkl_c, h[mqZxsboky k J:K, bf_xsbo
mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv, ijb hk\h_gbb hkgh\ghc h[jZah\Zl_evghc ijh]jZffu hkgh\gh]h
h[s_]h h[jZah\Zgby;
hij_^_e_gb_ mjh\gy ZdlmZevgh]h b ahgu [eb‘Zcr_]h jZa\blby, h[mqZxs_]hky k H?E1

—

dZe_g^ZjgucieZg\hkiblZl_evghcjZ[hlu.

. P?E?moh\gh -gjZ\kl\_ggh_\hkiblZgb_
AgZxsbc b m\Z‘Zxsbc ^moh\gh
-gjZ\kl\_ggmx dmevlmjm k\h_]h gZjh^Z,
hjb_glbjh\Zgguc gZ ^moh\gu_ p_gghklb b gjZ\kl\_ggu_ ghjfu gZjh^h\ Jhkkbb,
jhkkbckdh]h h[s_kl\Z \ kblmZpbyo gjZ\kl\_ggh]h \u[hjZ k( mqzlhf gZpbhgZevghc,
j_eb]bhaghcijbgZ^e_‘ghklb).
?E2

. KH>?J@:L?EVGUC

2.1MdeZ^h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evghchj]ZgbaZpbb
cHMKHo 7 ] DZf_gdb hkgh\ZgZ \ 196 ]h^m. I_j\uf ^bj_dlhjhf rdheu gZ
ijhly‘_gbb 19 e_l [ue \_l_jZg <_ebdhc Hl_q_kl\_gghc \hcgu, hj^_ghghk_p

-

cbo__\ h

-fb -khevdZ, < fbj_

lZgpZ )
−

dmjku, aZgylby lmjbklkdh -djZ_\_^q_kdhc gZijZ\e_gghklb

Fhy
(
fZeZy

jh^bgZ) ;
dmjku,aZgylbyha^hjh\bl_evghcbkihjlb\ghcgZijZ\e_gghklb
( _lkdb_h[s_kl\_ggu_h[t_^bg_gby
[_ckl\mxs__gZ[Za_rdheu^_lkdh_h[s_kl\_ggh_^\b‘_gb_«K_^vfZy
]ZeZdlbdZ» – wlh^h[jh\hevgh_,kZfhmijZ\ey_fh_,g_dhff_jq_kdh_
nhjfbjh\Zgb_,kha^Zggh_ihbgbpbZlb\_^_l_cb\ajhkeuo,h[t_^bgb\rbokygZ
hkgh\_h[sghklbbgl_j_kh\^eyj_ZebaZpbbh[sbop_e_c,mdZaZgguo\mklZ\_
h[s_kl\_ggh]hh[t_^bg_gby.?]hijZ\h\hchkgh\hcy\ey_lkyNAhl19.05N
82-NAj_^.
( hl20.17)"H[h[s_kl\_gguoh[t_^bg_gbyo"

KljmdlmjZ^_lkdh]hh[t_^bg_gby«

K_^vfZy]ZeZdlbdZ»

§#!/8-!-(/

#
§

&/,1*,#&A
*(#/%

˜¶⁄
“˜§⁄
¿#&/
-!/#
¿
h-!/#
i

¿#&/
“,1<
¿#&/
¿(8%18!
h¿(8%18
!i

H[t_^bg_gb_khklhblbalj_oklmi_g_cjhklZ,lj_oieZg_l:
• ieZg_lZ«Ihq_fmq_d»gZq.
(
rdheZ)
• ieZg_lZ«[jm‘[u»(kj_^g__a\_gh)
• ieZg_lZ«BkdZl_e_c(klZjr__a\_gh)
P_gljuhkms_kl\eyxlk\hx^_yl_evghklvihlj_fih^ijh]jZffZf:
• Kha\_a^b_«JmdZ^jm]Z»
• Kha\_a^b_«Ijhf_l_c»
• Kha\_a^b_«EbjZ»
?E3

. HJ=:GBA:PBHGGUC

3.1DZ^jh\h_h[_ki_q_gb_
< rdhe_ jZ[hlZxl ^hklZlhqgh ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_ i_^Z]h]b. H[jZah\Zgb_,
d\ZebnbdZpby b klZ‘ i_^Z]h]bq_kdhc jZ[hlu iha\heyxl j_rZlv kZfu_ keh‘gu_
\hkiblZl_evgu_ aZ^Zqb. Hkgh\gmx qZklv i_^Z]h]bq_kdh]h dhee_dlb\Z khklZ\eyxl
hiulgu_ mqbl_ey k [hevrbf klZ‘_f jZ[hlu, h[eZ^Zxsb_ \ukhdbf
ijhn_kkbhgZevguffZkl_jkl\hf.
< l_q_gb_ ijh^he‘bl_evgh]h \j_f_gb dhee_dlb\ klZ[be_g, fbdjhdebfZl
rdheu ^hklZlhqgh dhfnhjl_g, hlghr_gby f_‘^m ij_ih^Z\Zl_eyfb b
Z^fbgbkljZpb_c hkgh\Zgu gZ \aZbfh^_ckl\bb, dhhj^bgZpbb ijhn_kkbhgZevghc
^_yl_evghklbbjZamfghclj_[h\Zl_evghklb.
Dhebq_kl\h i_^Z]h]bq_kdbo jZ[hlgbdh\ \ cHM KHo 7 gZ
( gZqZ
203mq_[gh]h]h^Z)

– 36. Bagbo28

eh 20

-deZkkgu_jmdh\h^bl_eb.

Mjh\_gvd\ZebnbdZpbbi_^Z]h]bq_kdbojZ[hlgbdh\:
?YL?EVGHKLB

Ijbf_jgZy i jh]jZffZ \g_mjhqghc ^_yl_evghklb h[mqZxsboky k J:K, bf_xsbo
mfkl\_ggmxhlklZehklv,y\ey_lkyhkgh\hc^eyjZajZ[hldb b j_ZebaZpbb
h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evghc
hj]ZgbaZpb_ckh[kl\_gghcijh]jZffu\g_mjhqghc ^_yl_evghklb.Ijh]jZffZ
jZajZ[Zlu\Z_lky
k mqzlhf, wlgbq_kdbo, khpbZevgh -wdhghfbq_kdbo b bguo hkh[_gghkl_c j_]bhgZ, aZijhkh\
k_f_c b ^jm]bo km[t_dlh\ h[jZah\Zl_evgh]h ijhp_kkZ gZ
hkgh\_ kbkl_fgh -^_yl_evghklgh]h b
dmevlmjgh-bklhjbq_kdh]h ih^oh^h\ .
Ih^ \g_mjhqghc ^_yl_evghklvx ihgbfZ_lky h[jZah\Zl_evgZy ^_yl_evghklv,
gZijZ\e_ggZy gZ ^hklb‘_gb_ j_amevlZlh\ hk\h_gby hkgh\ghc h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evghc
ijh]jZffu b hkms_kl\ey_fZy \ nhjfZo, hlebqguo hl deZkkgh
-mjhqghc. ?E

Mq_[guc ieZg
Mq_[guc ieZg cHM KHo 7 ]. DZf_gdb
^Ze__
(
Mq_[guc ieZg), j_Zebamxsbo
:HHI ^ey h[mqZxsboky k J:K, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx hlklZehklv, nbdkbjm_l h[sbc h[t_f
gZ]jmadb, fZdkbfZevguc h[tzf Zm^blhjghc gZ]jmadb h[mqZxsboky, khklZ\ b kljmdlmjm
h[yaZl_evguo ij_^f_lguo h[eZkl_c, jZkij_^_ey_l mq_[gh_ \j_fy, hl\h^bfh_ gZ bo hk\h_gb_
ihdeZkkZfbmq_[guf
ij_^f_lZf.
Mq_[guc ieZg khklhbl ba ^\mo qZkl_c
— h[yaZl_evghc qZklb b qZklb, nhjfbjm_fhc
mqZklgbdZfbh[jZah\Zl_evguo hlghr_gbc.
H[yaZl_evgZy qZklv mq_[gh]h ieZgZ hij_^_ey_l khklZ\ mq_[guo ij_^f_lh\ h[yaZl_evguo
ij_^f_lguo h[eZkl_c, dhlhju_ ^he‘gu[ulv
j_Zebah\Zgu \h \k_o bf_xsbo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggmx
Zddj_^blZpbx h[jZah\Zl_evguo hj]ZgbaZpbyo, j_Zebamxsbo :HHI, b mq_[gh_ \j_fy,
hl\h^bfh_gZbobamq_gb_ihdeZkkZf]h^Zf)
(
h[mq_gby.
H[yaZl_evgZy qZklv mq_[gh]h ieZgZ hljZ‘Z_l kh^_j‘Zgb_ h[jZah\Zgby, dhlhjh_
h[_ki_qb\Z_l ^hklb‘_gb_ \Z‘g_crbop_e_c kh\j_f_ggh]hh[jZah\Zgbyh[mqZxsboky kJ:K,
bf_xsbomfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv:
nhjfbjh\Zgb_ ‘bag_gguo dhfi_l_gpbc, h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo h\eZ^_gb_ kbkl_fhc
khpbZevguo hlghr_gbc b khpbZevgh_ jZa\blb_ h[mqZxs_]hky, Z lZd‘_ _]h bgl_]jZpbx \
khpbZevgh_ hdjm‘_gb_;
nhjfbjh\Zgb_ hkgh\ ^moh\gh
-gjZ\kl\_ggh]h jZa\blby h[mqZxsboky, ijbh[s_gb_ bo d
h[s_dmevlmjguf,gZpbhgZevgufbwlghdmevlmjguf
p_gghklyf;
nhjfbjh\Zgb_ a^hjh\h]h h[jZaZ ‘bagb, we_f_glZjguo ijZ\be ih\_^_gby \ wdklj_fZevguo
kblmZpbyo.
QZklv [Zabkgh]h mq_[gh]h ieZgZ, nhjfbjm_fZy mqZklgbdZfb h[jZah\Zl_evguo
hlghr_gbc ,
h[_ki_qb\Z_l
j_ZebaZpbx
hkh[uo(ki_pbnbq_kdbo)h[jZah\Zl_evguo
ihlj_[ghkl_c, oZjZdl_jguo ^ey ^Zgghc ]jmiiu h[mqZxsboky, Z lZd‘_ bg^b\b^mZevguo
ihlj_[ghkl_cdZ‘^h]h
h[mqZxs_]hky.

LZdbf h[jZahf, qZklv mq_[gh]h ieZgZ, nhjfbjm_fZy mqZklgbdZfb
h[jZah\Zl_evguohlghr_gbc,
ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l:
mq_[gu_aZgylby,h[_ki_qb\Zxsb_jZaebqgu_
bgl_j_ku h[mqZxsboky,
\
lhf qbke_wlghdmevlmjgu_;
m\_ebq_gb_ mq_[guo qZkh\, hl\h^bfuo
gZ bamq_gb_ hl^_evguo mq_[guo
ij_^f_lh\ h[yaZl_evghc qZklb;
\\_^_gb_ mq_[guo dmjkh\, h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo m^h\e_l\hj_gb_ hkh[uo
h[jZah\Zl_evguo ihlj_[ghkl_c, h[mqZxsboky k J:K, bf_xsbo mfkl\_ggmx
hlklZehklv, b g_h[oh^bfmx dhjj_dpbx g_^hklZldh\ \ ikbobq_kdhf b beb)
(
nbabq_kdhf jZa\blbb;
\\_^_gb_mq_[guodmjkh\^eynZdmevlZlb\gh]hbamq_gbyhl^_evguomq_[guo
ij_^f_lh\.
Kh^_j‘Zgb_ dhjj_dpbhggh -jZa\b\Zxs_ch[eZklb
mq_[gh]h
ieZgZij_^klZ\e_ghdhjj_dpbhggufbaZgylbyfb(eh]hi_^bq_kdbfbb
ikbohdhjj_dpbhggufb).
eymqZsboky1 -odeZkkh\^hihegbl_evgu_dZgbdmeu
k16.02
-22.02.2026
3.J_]eZf_glbjh\Zgb_h[jZah\Zl_evghc^_yl_evghklbgZg_^_ex
Ijh^he‘bl_evghklvmq_[ghcg_^_eb:
<1 - 1deZkkZoiylb^g_\gZymq_[gZyg_^_ey